Die Erfassung der Bildungsinvestitionen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert     

Claude Diebolt 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2000,3(4):517-538

Zusammenfassung Nach einer langen Phase, in der die Theorie der Langen Wellen keine Beachtung fand, wurde sie in den 1970-er Jahren von Wirtschaftshistorikern wieder belebt, um sie neuen, dynamischen Anwendungen in der makro?konomischen Analyse zuzuführen. Im gleichen Zeitraum erh?hte sich in den gro?en Volkswirtschaften die Variabilit?t der Wachstumsraten der Realeinkommen. Hierdurch wurde das Ende der Phase fast ununterbrochenen Wachstums markiert, die die meisten industrialisierten Volkswirtschaften nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg durchlaufen hatten. Das erneuerte Interesse an der Theorie der Langen Wellen, das mit der Krise der Keynesianischen Wirtschaftstheorie einher ging, wurde zunehmend als grundlegender Neuansatz innerhalb der makro?konomischen Theorie angesehen. Dieser Artikel stellt einen Beitrag zu diesem Prozess dar; es wird postuliert, dass zwischen den Ausgaben für Humankapital (Bildung und Ausbildung, L?hne, Gesundheitsvorsorge etc.) und den Ausgaben, die für das materielle Wachstum get?tigt werden, ein Zusammenhang besteht.

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Summary A Method of Recording Educational Investment in the 19th and 20th Century — Germany, France, Great Britain and Spain compared After a long period of hibernation, long wave theory was brought out and dusted off again by economic historians in the 1970s for new, vigorous applications in macroeconomic analysis. During the same period, the major market economies experienced greater variability in real income growth rates, thus marking the end of a period of an almost uninterrupted growth enjoyed by most industrialized economies since World War II. This renewed interest in long wave theory, which coincided with the crisis in Keynesian economics, became increasingly identified with a profound rethinking of macroeconomic theory. This paper is a contribution to the process, and postulates a link between expenditure on human development (education, wages, health care, etc.) and that devoted to material growth.

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Book reviews     

E. D. Duryea  Neville Bennett  Sharom Ahmat  Dietrich Brandt  Lionel S. Lewis  Ian Woodburn  Claude E. Welch Jr.  Sheila Slaughter  Pierre L. van den Berghe  Doreen Harrison 《Higher Education》1980,9(2):227-237

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Iodine content of oyster shells     

Claude K. Deischer  Wallace M. McNabb 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1938,226(4):527-531

A report is given of the investigation of the iodine content of oyster shells taken from the reefs found in the Gulf of Mexico. The pulverized shells as sold on the market contain 200 to 300 parts per billion of iodine. Water soluble and alcohol soluble iodides appear to be absent. The granulated undried shells contain 500 parts per billion of iodine. Apparently there is a loss of iodine due to the temperature at which the pulverized shells are dried.  相似文献   

French Adaptation of the Short Form Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and Life Skills Scale for Sport     

Camille Sabourin  Christiane Trottier  Eric Frenette  Martin Camiré  Vicky Drapeau  Claude Goulet 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2020,24(1):33-48

ABSTRACT

Research on positive youth development and life skills in sport has gained considerable attention over the past decades. However, there is a lack of translated questionnaires examining youth development and life skills available to non-English researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this research project was to adapt in French two questionnaires and to accumulate validity evidence of these adaptations. The short form – Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and the Life Skills Scale for Sport were adapted using a procedure based on a transcultural validation methodology applied to psychological measures. This research comprises four studies, which led to the French adaptation and validation process of each questionnaire. In conclusion, the results obtained show that these adapted French questionnaires can now be used to evaluate the perceptions and lived experiences of French-speaking athletes regarding positive youth development and life skills in sport.  相似文献   

The strategy of university research laboratories in France     

Jean-Claude Castagnos  Claude Echevin 《Research Policy》1985,14(6):345-357

This article attempts to outline the specific traits of French university research. Despite heavy administrative supervision and the supremacy of specialized national organizations (the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research), the University laboratories benefit from a certain flexibility which allows the adoption of differentiated behaviours. This is demonstrated by the evolution of a few large units. Nevertheless, the foundations of any collective action in the French university are fragile, a result to a large extent of the status of the teaching faculty whose attachment to the work of management is often found to be indifferent. This statement leads to the perception that university research units are “open” structures, simple fields of interaction between actors whose skills create a precariously balanced situation. This state of affairs explains the essentially political character of French university research management.  相似文献   

The dilution of academic power in Canada     

Claude T. Bissell 《Minerva》1973,11(1):130-133

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Notes: Russian Studies of Vision in Relation to Physical Activity and Sports     

Ashton Craybiel M.D.  Ernst Jokl M.D.  Claude Trapp M.D. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):480-485

Abstract

The central purpose of this study was to determine the origin of sports extant in English-speaking countries. The method of research utilized was principally historical-bibliographical and was concerned with the collection, criticism, and synthesis of source material in an effort to establish past actuality. Specific documentary evidence concerning the date, place, and significant circumstances associated with the origins of 95 sports was synthesized. In most instances, establishing the date and place of origin was possible. Often, however, determining the personnel and circumstances connected with the origins was not possible. Charts show the dates of the origins chronologically, the origins attributed to various countries, and the activities from which the 95 sports evolved.  相似文献   

Two views of the state of the universities and of scientific research in France in the late 1970s     

Claude Kordon 《Minerva》1979,17(2):283-304

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Principaute D'Andorre     

Claude Haller  H. Montestruc 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1989,12(1):21-24

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Could teacher grading practices account for unexplained variation in school achievements?     

Claude Montmarquette  Sophie Mahseredjian 《Economics of Education Review》1989,8(4)

In the economics of schooling literature, input substitutions have been identified as the major difficulty in assessing school and teacher effectiveness. In this paper we examine whether a teacher's grading practice can improve students' academic achievements by reducing these input substitutions. We use the teacher-student interaction model of Correa and Gruver (1987) to enhance the specification of the traditional production functions of students' academic achievements by introducing a teacher grading parameter in these functions. Under specific conditions, Correa and Gruver show that a student may respond either positively or negatively to the teacher's greater effort and/or harder grading, depending upon the student's preferences; thus the issue of an efficient grading practice is, as usual in the economics of education research, an empirical issue. To implement the econometric specification of the model, we define a latent grading variable from an error components specification on class grade regressions. This variable is used to explain the students' grade specific standardized test results for a sample of first and fourth-graders of Montreal francophone public elementary schools.  相似文献