Twenty-four-hour movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills in preschool children: A compositional and isotemporal substitution analysis     

Jéssica Gomes Mota  Cain Craig Truman Clark  Luís Lemos  Cézane Priscilla Reuter  Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva Mota 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(18):2071-2079

ABSTRACT

Studies that have analysed the association between the different movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-h movement behaviours (24-h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 24-h MB and FMS in preschoolers using a compositional data analysis . Two hundred and four preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old; 101 boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents. Association of daily composition of movement behaviours with FMS was explored using compositional analysis and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When considered as a 24-h MB composition (PA, SB and SD), adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition predicted locomotor (r² = 0.31), object control (r² = 0.19), and total motor score (r² = 0.35), respectively (all P < 0.001). Reallocation of time from light to moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with greatest positive changes in total motor score. Achieving adequate balance between movement behaviours over the 24-h period, and its relationship with locomotor and object control skills should be considered and further investigated in early childhood.  相似文献   

Use of Decontextualized Talk Across Story Contexts: How Oral Storytelling and Emergent Reading Can Scaffold Children's Development     

Stephanie M. Curenton  Michelle Jones Craig  Nadia Flanigan 《Early education and development》2008,19(1):161-187

This study examined 33 mothers' and preschoolers' oral language skills (decontextualized discourse) across an emergent reading, shared reading, and oral storytelling interaction. The sample comprised primarily African American families from various socioeconomic backgrounds, ranging from Head Start families to middle-income families. Two measures of decontextualized language were assessed—literate language features and type of talk (i.e., a coding scheme categorizing comments/questions on a continuum from contextualized to decontextualized talk). Mothers used more decontextualized language during the oral storytelling interaction versus the other interactions, but children used more during the emergent reading interaction. Mothers with advanced literacy skills were more likely to make decontextualized comments/questions and use mental/linguistic verbs during the interactions. Results are discussed in terms of implications for parent-child home literacy interventions.  相似文献   

Enhancing the Cognitive and Motor Abilities of very Young Children: A Pilot Study of the Efficacy of the PlayWisely Approach     

Craig Leth‐Steensen  Elena Gallitto  Mohsen Haghbin  Patricia A. Hannan 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2021,15(1):103-110

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Young adult outcomes of the Abecedarian and CARE early childhood educational interventions     

Frances A. Campbell  Barbara H. Wasik  Elizabeth Pungello  Margaret Burchinal  Oscar Barbarin  Kirsten Kainz  Joseph J. Sparling  Craig T. Ramey 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008

Adult benefits for participants in Project CARE were compared with those of the Abecedarian Project, a closely related randomized study of early childhood educational intervention for children from low-income families who were at risk of developmental delays and school failure. CARE replicated Abecedarian's young adult treatment-related educational and vocational attainment gains. CARE data also supported the Abecedarian reduction in marijuana use. Treated individuals in both studies reported adopting a more active life style. The average age at birth of a first child, the number of children, and the proportion of teen parents were positively affected in the Abecedarian sample but not in CARE. Finding significant educational and vocational gains lasting into young adulthood in the CARE study reinforces Abecedarian young adult findings and strengthens the case for early childhood intervention for children from low-income families.  相似文献   

Design and the management of multi-institutional research collaborations: Theoretical implications from two case studies     

Elizabeth A. Corley  P. Craig Boardman 《Research Policy》2006,35(7):975-993

Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success.The results of our case study analysis demonstrate that large-scale, multi-discipline, inter-institutional collaborations need a relatively high level of development in either (1) the epistemic development of the disciplines involved in the collaboration or (2) the organizational structure of the collaboration. We argue that the domain (i.e. epistemic or organizational) that provides the highest level of institutionalization is the one that organizes the “rules” of the collaboration.  相似文献   

Compression of parallel texts     

Craig Nevill  Timothy Bell   《Information processing & management》1992,28(6)

The world-wide use of digital storage and communications devices is increasing the need to make texts available in multiple languages. In this article we explore the possibility of storing a compressed form of a translated version of a text, taking advantage of the availability of the original text. The original text provides some of the semantic content of the text that is to be compressed, and therefore makes it possible for compression to be more efficient than if that information were not available. We begin with an experiment to evaluate the information content of a text when a parallel translation is available. This is achieved by having human subjects guess texts letter by letter, with and without a parallel translation. The perceived information content of a text can be determined from the way subjects make their guesses. The design and results of this experiment are described. The main conclusion is that while the text is considerably more predictable with the aid of a parallel translation, there is a surprising amount of information introduced by the translation. Insights obtained from this experiment are then applied in the design of a mechanical system for compressing parallel texts. The system stores one translation of a text intact, and then compresses further translations of the text with the aid of the original. The method described is able to compress texts significantly better than is possible without the aid of a parallel text. Aspects of the design are also applicable to future compressors that might take advantage of the semantic content of a text to obtain better compression.  相似文献   

Illuminating lives     

Craig Sean McConnell 《Metascience》2002,11(3):306-309

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Profiling Younger Adults’ Communication About Aging     

Jessica Gasiorek  Craig Fowler 《Communication Studies》2016,67(2):163-182

According to the Communicative Ecology Model of Successful Aging (CEMSA), how people talk about age can have implications for how they cope with aging later in life. However, most research on communication and successful aging has focused on older adults. In this study, we use latent class analysis to profile how younger adults (age 18–39) communicate about aging and examine how these profiles relate to their attitudes toward aging (affect, efficacy, anxiety, and perceptions of successful aging). Consistent with past research on older adults, we found three distinct profiles of communication behavior (disengaged, engaged, and bantering). An engaged profile was clearly associated with the most positive attitudes toward aging, while a disengaged profile was associated with the least positive attitudes. These findings suggest that patterns of talk about aging may start early in life, underscoring the importance of studying communication about aging across the lifespan.  相似文献   

Professionals' adherence to mandatory child abuse reporting laws: effects of responsibility attribution, confidence ratings, and situational factors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S C Kalichman  M E Craig  D R Follingstad 《Child abuse & neglect》1990,14(1):69-77

This study investigated the relationship between responsibility attribution and tendency to report child sexual abuse among practicing psychologists. Two hundred ninety-five licensed psychologists from two states completed vignettes in which the sex of the child and the father's admission or denial of alleged sexual abuse were systematically manipulated. Subjects assigned relative percentages of responsibility to the father, mother, child, and society for the abuse and indicated their tendency to report and their level of confidence that abuse was occurring. Results indicated a significant effect for responsibility to the mother which varied as a function of the father's response to the allegation of abuse. Mothers were blamed significantly more for the abuse when the father denied being abusive. Responsibility attribution did not predict reporting, while confidence in the occurrence of abuse did. Also, sex differences were found among participants where male subjects assigned significantly more responsibility to the abusive father than female participants, and the females blamed the mother more than the males. Results are discussed in the context of previous research on responsibility attribution in child abuse.  相似文献   

Homicidal commotio cordis: the final blow in a battered infant   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Baker AM  Craig BR  Lonergan GJ 《Child abuse & neglect》2003,27(1):125-130

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