A longitudinal analysis of English language learners’ word decoding and reading comprehension     

Jonathan Nakamoto  Kim A. Lindsey  Franklin R. Manis 《Reading and writing》2007,20(7):691-719

This longitudinal investigation examined word decoding and reading comprehension measures from first grade through sixth grade for a sample of Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs). The sample included 261 children (average age of 7.2 years; 120 boys; 141 girls) at the initial data collection in first grade. The ELLs’ word decoding and reading comprehension scores showed quadratic growth over the course of the study. The sample’s reading comprehension, but not their word decoding, began to fall behind the normative sample starting in the third grade. Phonological awareness, rapid automatic naming (RAN), and oral language measures were used as predictors and correlated with growth rates in a manner consistent with past research.  相似文献   

Applying Dialectical Behavior Therapy to Self‐Harm in College‐Age Men: A Case Study          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer L. Cannon  Lindsey K. Umstead 《Journal of College Counseling》2018,21(1):87-96

Researchers suggest an increase in self‐harm among men. Specifically, college‐age men appear to be at risk for self‐harming behaviors, and counselors often overlook these behaviors in treatment. In this article, the authors describe the issue of self‐harm and illustrate the use of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 2014 ) with male college students. The authors use a case study to illustrate the use of a modified form of DBT with a male college student who self‐harmed. Limitations of this approach and implications for college counselors are also addressed.  相似文献   

Sexual approach conditioning: Omission contingency tests     

Lawrence L. Crawford  Michael Domjan 《Learning & behavior》1993,21(1):42-50

Male Japanese quail learned to approach a light that predicted visual exposure to a female quail. In Experiment 1, duration of visual exposure to the female did not systematically affect the speed or strength of conditioning. Introduction of an omission contingency for approach to the light after acquisition did not suppress conditioned approach relative to the performance of yoked controls. In Experiment 2, males learned to approach a light that predicted visual exposure to a female despite an omission contingency for approach in effect during acquisition. Experimental males were not slower to acquire the approach response under an omission contingency than were yoked controls. The findings indicate strong Pavlovian control of sexual conditioned approach in Japanese quail.  相似文献   

An urban school renewal program: A case analysis     

George Crawford  Cecil Miskell  Claradine Johnson 《The Urban Review》1980,12(4):175-199

Conclusion One of the most gratifying returns was a chance comment offered by a teacher as we walked across the lawn toward a local fast food restaurant. We were chatting about what he had experienced during the preceding two years. You know, he said, when we began this, I didn't see many hopeful signs, but I think that most of us (teachers) feel now that we work in the best high school in the city. The source may have been biased, and rigorous controls were obviously lacking, but that is the way one teacher perceived the changes. Many gained planning, leadership, problem solving, and other important behavioral and coping skills that contributed in interactively subtle, but nevertheless real ways.Can good things be made to happen in urban schools? The quantified data are equivocal, but we believe that the associations among interventions and perceived changes support cautious optimism.  相似文献   

Making and Mistaking Reality: What is Emotional Education?     

Elspeth Crawford 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):49-72

A central thesis of this paper is that the mind and its thought evolve out of the experience of the whole person in their unique surroundings. It attempts to articulate the meaning and value of Emotional Education, especially in its relation to thought processes. It shows the value of learning from the particular, and from awareness of feeling states. It shows how making emotional enquiry can change the nature of the thinking, reducing the need of the thinker, and involves experiencing while not-knowing as well as more usual rational approaches.Recent affirmations from neuroscience of the psychoanalytic picture of conscious awareness arising from unconscious emotional processes are noted. Systemic and emotional thought processes are described and illustrated.While the nature of unconscious choice is recognised as part of all thought process, the “use of self” is explored as a conscious means of influencing the nature of thinking, and the attributes of both person and context necessary to flourishing thought are contrasted with the human needs which produce mistaken thought. Some questions which have been asked by students in Emotional Education classes, about free will, abuse, and ethics are raised. I hope the gratitude to people who have shared their feelings in order to think and be thought about in “emotional thinking” is evident; it is very real to me.  相似文献   

Spanish-Speaking Children's Social and Language Development in Pre-Kindergarten Classrooms     

Florence Chang  Gisele Crawford  Diane Early  Donna Bryant  Carollee Howes  Margaret Burchinal  Oscar Barbarin  Richard Clifford  Robert Pianta 《Early education and development》2007,18(2):243-269

The current study examined the social and language development of 345 Spanish-speaking pre-kindergartners who attended pre-kindergarten programs that varied widely in how much Spanish was spoken in the classroom by the teacher. Previous studies on English language learners have focused on how the language of instruction impacts children's language proficiency, ignoring the context in which children are learning. The current study found better social skills and closer teacher—child relationships in classrooms where teachers spoke some Spanish. Teacher ratings of children's peer social skills and assertiveness were positively associated with increased amounts of Spanish being spoken. More Spanish language use in the classroom was also related to a decrease in children's likelihood of being victims of aggression as rated by independent observers. The findings have implications for better understanding how policy decisions regarding language of instruction impact children in the social domain. As early education programs are faced with the challenging task of developing best practices for English language learners, it is essential that programs are attentive to the social implications of language.  相似文献   

Toddlers' and Preschoolers' Experience in Family Day Care: Age Differences and Behavioral Correlates     

Kryzer EM  Kovan N  Phillips DA  Domagall LA  Gunnar MR 《Early childhood research quarterly》2007,22(4):451-466

One hundred and twelve children, 56 toddlers and 56 preschoolers, were observed in their family child care settings to determine whether toddlers cared for in settings that also included preschoolers were, relative to the preschoolers, receiving more or less high-quality care and/or whether their functioning at child care appeared to be more or less dependent on aspects of the care providers’ interactions with the children. Quality of care was analyzed along two dimensions: sensitive/supportive care and structured care. Four indices of child functioning at child care were examined: integration in social activities, attention, positive mood, and angry/aggressive behavior. Results indicate that toddlers received less sensitive, supportive care than preschoolers in these mixed-age settings and toddlers were less socially integrated and less engaged in activities in the child care setting. Preschoolers displayed increased levels of angry/aggressive behavior relative to toddlers. In addition, associations of care provider behaviors and child functioning were larger for toddlers than preschoolers, suggesting that toddlers were more dependent on caregiver support for more successful functioning in these family child care settings. For both toddlers and preschoolers, care provider behavior and child functioning was generally poorer in settings with more children.  相似文献   

The Relationship between Narrative Content Variation,Affective and Cognitive Reactions,and a Person's Willingness to Sign an Organ Donor Card     

Lisa L. Massi Lindsey  Kimo Ah Yun 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):253-263

This study predicted that variations in the content of a narrative organ donor appeal (i.e., the age of the donor, the age of the person whose life was saved, the donor's cause of death, and the number of people whose lives were saved) would have a differential impact on a person's affective and cognitive reactions to that message, which would in turn influence a person's attitude toward signing an organ donor card. Two hundred sixty-eight individuals who had not signed an organ donor card previously read one of several narratives and then answered a series of questions designed to measure their attitudes toward signing an organ donor card. These data revealed that how a person dies (accident vs natural causes) and the number of people who are saved through organ donation indirectly influence a person's attitude toward signing an organ donor card with vividness, sympathy, and happiness acting as mediating variables. These findings and their implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Pay for Play: A History of Big-Time Athletic Reform     

Russ Crawford 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(10):1499-1501

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Kinematic analysis of shot-putting performed by wheelchair athletes of different medical classes     

John W. Chow  Woen-Sik Chae  Michael J. Crawford 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):321-330

The aim of this study was to identify those kinematic characteristics that are most closely related to an athlete's medical classification and measured distance of a put. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 fields per second) were used to record the performance of 17 males of different classes. Each participant performed six trials and the best trial for each was selected for analysis. Three-dimensional kinematics of the shot and upper body segments at the instant of release and during the forward thrust (delivery) were determined. The average speeds and angles of the shot at release for different classes (5.3-7.8 ms -1 and 21.2 to 34.4°, respectively) were smaller than those exhibited by elite male able-bodied throwers. The height of the shot at release, the angular speed of the upper arm at release, the range of motion of the shoulder girdle during the delivery, and the average angular speeds of the trunk, shoulder girdle and upper arm during the delivery, were all significantly correlated with both the classification and measured distance ( P ? 0.05). The results indicate the importance of achieving a high average angular speed for each upper body segment during the delivery.  相似文献