Changes in the relationship between joint angle and torque production associated with the repeated bout effect     

Malachy P McHugh  Danielle T Tetro 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):927-932

A single bout of eccentric exercise induces a protective adaptation against damage from a repeated bout. The aim of this study was to determine whether this repeated bout effect is due to a change in the length–tension relationship. Twelve individuals performed an initial bout of six sets of 10 eccentric quadriceps contractions and then performed a repeated bout 2 weeks later. Eccentric contractions were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at 1.04 rad?·?s^?1 with a target intensity of 90% of isometric strength at 70° of knee flexion. Isometric strength and pain were recorded before and after both eccentric bouts and on each of the next 3 days. Isometric strength was tested at 30°, 50°, 70°, 90° and 110° of knee flexion. On the days following the initial bout, there was a significant loss of isometric strength at all knee flexion angles except 110° (bout×angle: P?<0.01). On day 2, strength averaged 86% of baseline for 30–90° and 102% of baseline for 110°. Strength loss and pain after the initial bout was contrasted by minimal changes after the repeated bout (pain: P?<0.001; strength: P?<0.01). The repeated bout effect was associated with a rightward shift in the length–tension curve; before the repeated bout, isometric strength was 6.8% lower at 30° and 13.6% higher at 110° compared with values before the initial bout (bout×angle: P?<0.05). Assuming that torque production at 110° occurs on the descending limb of the length–tension curve, the increase in torque at 110° may be explained by a longitudinal addition of sarcomeres. The addition of sarcomeres would limit sarcomere strain for subsequent eccentric contractions and may explain the repeated bout effect observed here.  相似文献   

Stroke-coordination and symmetry of elite backstroke swimmers using a comparison between net drag force and timing protocols     

Danielle P. Formosa  Mark G. L. Sayers 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):220-228

Abstract

Stroke-coordination and symmetry influence the force fluctuations within any net drag force profile. The aim of this study was to analyse elite (FINA points 938) backstroke swimmers stroke-coordination using an instantaneous net drag force and timing protocols using a symmetry index tool. Ten male and nine female elite backstroke swimmers completed three maximum speed trials and five maximum speed net drag force swimming trials. Net drag force was measured using an assisted motorised dynamometer device. Each trial was filmed using three genlocked 50 Hz cameras, synchronised to the net drag force output from the force-platform. This methodology enabled the comparison of stroke-coordination timing symmetry index to net drag force symmetry index. The timing symmetry index and net drag force symmetry index yielded different results, the timing reflects the stroke-coordination, whilst the force index identified the effectiveness of the stroke. The only variable that was significantly different when comparing left and right stroke patterns was the location of minimum net drag forces. Conversely, gender influenced the location of maximum net drag force. Relationship analysis identified that location of maximum net drag force production was the only variable to correlate with speed within this cohort. Backstroke arm coordination was minimally influenced by gender.  相似文献   

Development of the children’s active play imagery questionnaire     

Lisa Cooke  Craig Hall  Danielle Tobin  Michelle Guerrero 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):860-869

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to develop an instrument, the Children’s Active Play Imagery Questionnaire (CAPIQ), to assess imagery use during children’s (7–14 years) active play. Phase 1 involved an assessment of content validity using experts (N = 7), while Phase 2 assessed the factorial validity of the CAPIQ using a sample of children (N = 302). Phase 3 contributed to the factorial validity of the CAPIQ by utilising confirmatory factor analysis among an independent sample of children (N = 252). The final version of the CAPIQ consists of 11 items across three factors: fun, social and capability. Further use of the CAPIQ will aid in identifying types of imagery used among children (7–14 years) in their active play, which may contribute to physical activity interventions.  相似文献   

Embodied Action Scaffolds Dialogic Reading     

Wall  Danielle  Foltz  Sarah  Kupfer  Anne  Glenberg  Arthur M. 《Educational Psychology Review》2022,34(1):401-419

Educational Psychology Review - Might dialogic reading require previous or concurrent embodied activities to be effective? Twenty-nine preschool children, ages 3–5 years, were randomly...  相似文献   

The effect of curricular reform on gross anatomy laboratory examination performance: An institutional analysis     

Melissa A. Taylor  Danielle M. Loder  Michael J. Herr  Richard A. Nichols 《Anatomical sciences education》2023,16(1):47-56

Many medical schools have undergone curricular reform recently. With these reforms, time spent teaching anatomy has been reduced, and there has been a general shift to a pass/fail grading system. At Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), a new curriculum was implemented in fall 2016. The year-long human gross anatomy course taught in 2015 was condensed into an integrated, semester-long course starting in 2016. Additionally, the grading scale shifted to pass/fail. This study examined first-year medical student performance on anatomy practical laboratory examinations—specifically, among lower-order (pure identification) questions and higher-order (function, innervation) questions. Participants included medical students from a pre-curricular reform cohort (year 2015, 34 students) and two post-curricular reform cohorts (years 2016, 30 students and 2017, 33 students). A Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test was used to determine differences of these questions among the three cohorts. Additionally, 40 of the same lower-order questions that were asked on gross anatomy laboratory examinations from medical student cohort year 2015 and year 2016 were further analyzed using an independent samples t-test. Results demonstrated that the pre-curricular reform cohort scored significantly higher on both lower-order (median = 81, p < 0.001) and higher-order questions (median = 82.5, p < 0.05) than both post-curricular reform cohorts. Additionally, when reviewing the selected 40 similar questions, it was found that the pre-curricular reform cohort averaged significantly higher (82.1 ± 16.1) than the post-curricular reform cohort from 2016 (69.3 ± 21.8, p = 0.004). This study provides evidence about the impact of curricular reform on medical student anatomical knowledge.  相似文献   

Video as Text of Teaching: Toward More Deliberate Literacy Field Experience Supervision     

Andrea Gelfuso  Danielle V. Dennis 《The Teacher Educator》2017,52(1):57-74

In this article, we theoretically explore how the deliberate use of video during literacy field experiences creates a text that can be read by triad members and can ameliorate the problem of relying on memory to engage in reflective conversations about literacy teaching and learning. The use of video, tools, and interactions with knowledgeable others to facilitate the reflection process is discussed. We also write about the ways video can be used within the triad model of supervision to develop the pedagogical content knowledge of prospective teachers, inservice teachers, and university supervisors.  相似文献   

Choosing and using methodological search filters: searchers' views     

Sophie Beale  Steven Duffy  Julie Glanville  Carol Lefebvre  Dianne Wright  Rachael McCool  Danielle Varley  Charles Boachie  Cynthia Fraser  Jenny Harbour  Lynne Smith 《Health information and libraries journal》2014,31(2):133-147

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Improving the Memory Sections of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion Using Item Analysis     

Danielle McElhiney  Minsoo Kang  Chad Starkey 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2014,18(2):123-134

The purpose of the study was to improve the immediate and delayed memory sections of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) by identifying a list of more psychometrically sound items (words). A total of 200 participants with no history of concussion in the previous six months (aged 19.60 ± 2.20 years; N?=?93 men, N?=?107 women) volunteered to participate in this study. An observation research design was used. Participants were tested once with a verbal interview that took approximately five minutes to complete. Classic item analysis including three parts: (1) Item difficulty, (2) item discrimination, and (3) item determination was used to assess the psychometric properties of the new items on the alternative word list for the SAC test. Overall, 80.0% of the items in the immediate memory section were acceptable. In the delayed memory section, 90.0% of the items were acceptable. The mean total SAC scores were 17.96 ± 2.45 (of a possible 30). The majority of new items have acceptable psychometric properties that would improve the validity of baseline SAC score for the assessment of the effects from concussions.  相似文献   

Game-based practice versus traditional practice in computer-based writing strategy training: effects on motivation and achievement     

Antje Proske  Rod D. Roscoe  Danielle S. McNamara 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2014,62(5):481-505

Achieving sustained student engagement with practice in computer-based writing strategy training can be a challenge. One potential solution is to foster engagement by embedding practice in educational games; yet there is currently little research comparing the effectiveness of game-based practice versus more traditional forms of practice. In this study, the ARCS model (Keller, Perform Instr 26(8):1–7, 1987b) was used to investigate the motivational characteristics of different practice conditions. To this end, 175 students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: game-based, question-based, model-based, and writing-based practice. All students first learned strategies to write an essay introduction. Subsequently, students practiced using the strategies in the four different conditions. Game-based practice was expected to positively affect ARCS-related motivation toward practice. Results showed that students perceived game-based practice as significantly more interesting and engaging than question-based practice. However, although game-based practice was perceived more positively, only model-based and question-based practice demonstrated a beneficial impact on students’ ability to implement the writing strategies. These results underline the necessity of interconnecting motivational and instructional design when developing practice methods for computer-based writing strategy training.  相似文献   

Effects of age and experience on physical activity accumulation during kin-ball     

Hastie PA  Langevin F  Wadsworth D 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(1):140-144

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