The genesis of school inspection in South East Wales 1839–1843: issues of social control and accountability     

David C. James  Brian Davies 《History of education》2013,42(5):667-680

The article examines the genesis of school inspection in South East Wales during the period 1839–1843 through the writing of Hugh Seymour Tremenheere, one of the first school inspectors. It discusses the formation of the new inspectorate and provides a narrative analysis of educational provision and social, cultural and economic conditions prevailing at the time. It then critically assesses Tremenheere's 1839 Report paying particular attention to the question of bias and the evident lack of impartiality. The final section is concerned with the concepts of accountability and inspection as a means of social control and the extent to which education can control working class patterns of thought, sentiment and behaviour.  相似文献   

Formula student as part of a mechanical engineering curriculum     

Huw Charles Davies 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2013,38(5):485-496

Formula Student (FS) is a multi-university student design competition managed by the UK Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Students are required to demonstrate and prove their creativity and engineering skills through the design, manufacture and financing of a small formula style race car. This paper seeks to explore the educational value that derives from the FS activity through a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Through the analysis of the interview data, it was found that the FS activity supported development of student skills and competencies in the following areas: use of engineering knowledge to support the application of existing and emerging technology; application of theoretical and practical knowledge to the solution of engineering problems; development of technical and commercial management skills; development of effective interpersonal skills, including communication skills; and demonstration of personal commitment to professional development. In addition, a number of areas for implementing ‘good practise’ have been identified. The information herein supports educators in their responsibility to help meet the needs of the engineering industry for high quality graduates.  相似文献   

Choosing in schools: locating the benefits of specialisation     

Peter Davies  Neil Davies  David Hutton  Nick Adnett  Robert Coe 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):147-167

Recent policy in England has suggested that educational outcomes will be raised if schools specialise in particular subjects. In contrast, calls for the reform of 16–19 education have suggested that these outcomes will be improved if students become less specialised in their studies. At present, there is a limited evidence base from which to judge these arguments. In particular, we do not know the extent to which students’ achievements in 16–19 education are higher when they choose subjects which play to their perceived strengths. We also do not know whether students are more likely to choose to study subjects taught by more effective departments. That is, outcomes may be affected by the relative strengths of students or departments in circumstances where there is freedom to choose. In this paper we provide evidence of the existence and strength of these relationships. This evidence suggests that reducing the scope within schools for specialisation or competition will reduce average student attainment and these effects ought to be taken into account when evaluating alternative curriculum policies.  相似文献   

Postgraduate Teacher Education (Art and Design) 'Wising-up' or 'Dumbing-down'     

Tom Davies 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2000,19(3):332-344

This research is part of an on-going investigation into student teachers' perceptions of theory and practice within Initial Teacher Training [ITT] and beyond. Respondents were drawn from a number of specialist ITT providers, and supple-mented from other sources. [1] The enquiry grew out of earlier research into examination courses in Key Stage 4 and teachers' dependency on 'orthodox' approaches and content. [2] The likelihood of challenging or breaking down this dependency seemed to rely on student teachers' ability to critique current practices and speculate as to alternatives, which is made more problem- atic because of the drastic reduction of time allocation in ITT. [3] This report in part is predicated on the belief that the enforced, crude division of time spent in, and out, of schools polarises theory and practice in the minds of students. This, in turn, tends to undermine the opportunities to explore and experiment with teaching and learning styles, and the degree to which students value and employ theory and make use of, and extend, their subject knowledge. [4]  相似文献   

Reviews     

Phil Dowe  William Demopoulos  Nessy Allen  Martin Rudwick  F. John Clendinnen  Rachel A. Ankeny  Dorinda Outram  John Forge  William Sarjeant  Keith Campbell  Paul Sheldon Davies  Ketil Gjølme Andersen  Adrian J. Walsh  Wendy Varney  Robert E. Kahn 《Metascience》2000,9(1):108-163

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Process Re-Design For Enhanced Human Performance     

Ivor K. Davies 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1994,7(3):103-114

Faced with sophisticated global competition, companies arc busily reinventing themselves. This offers an opportunity for performance technologists t.o re-think the value added component of their contribution to enhanc-ing human performance. In this eval u-ation. the four values of speed, simplicity, stretch, and self-conlidenco assume a central role. Design, as in the past, is key, but design must, be founded on the assumption that all human performance involves a process or combination of processes. Furthermore, processes are subject to variability of one kind or another, variability that is either predictable or random. It is argued that a process orientation, rather than a focus on inputs and outputs, offers performance technologists a more direct way of contributing to the realization of key business goals and more effectively focuses training and development on performance issues. Process re-design is a key strategy in the realization of these two goals.  相似文献   

The National Library of Medicine and the American medical information system: the physician's perspective.     

N E Davies 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》1986,74(4):333-338

During the past 150 years an excellent health sciences information system has been developed in the United States. Led by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the system grew along traditional lines until after World War II, when medical researchers, educators, and practitioners produced an enormous amount of new information. To cope with this growth, the power of computers joined traditional librarianship and MEDLARS was born. In 1965 Congress passed the Medical Library Assistance Act, which enabled NLM to lead the nation''s and the world''s health sciences professionals into the Information Age. Much as been accomplished by NLM, yet much remains to be done to make health information available cheaply, easily, and quickly to all who need it.  相似文献   

Prediction: A six-year follow-up     

Jeannette Jefferson Jansky  Martin J. Hoffman  Joan Layton  Francee Sugar  Mark Davies 《Annals of dyslexia》1989,39(1):227-246

The prereading and reading performance of a group of 370 predominantly Hispanic, bilingual public school children was followed for six years. The aim of the study was to compare the factorial make-up and predictive validity of tests used in the current research with findings from a previous study. The early study had followed the children from the end of their kindergarten year until the end of second grade. For purposes of the present study a 13-test predictor battery was administered to the children at the beginning of their first-grade year. This battery included a number of measures used in the early study, among them a 5-test Screening Index developed in the course of that study. Records were obtained of the follow-up children’s 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grade reading test scores. Factor analysis of the pool of 13 predictor tests showed a two-cluster battery structure. These clusters closely resembled two of the four factors defined in the early study. As used with the group of bilingual children, the Screening Index misclassified many of the failing readers, as well as others who went ahead to read at grade level. The Screening Index quite accurately identified, across grades, children who eventually read well. A number of predictor tests administered at beginning of first grade continued to show significant correlations with reading at all grade levels. The consistent contribution of the predictor tests with reading points to their continuing usefulness as a point of departure for assessing children’s readiness to read. The investigation was conducted by the staff of the de Hirsch-Robinson Reading Clinic, Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. The work has been supported by generous grants from a number of private donors, among them The Beinecke Foundation, The Morgan Family Fund, The Lita Annenberg-Hazen Charitable Trust, Mr. Seymour Milstein of the Milstein Family Foundation, and Mrs. William Carey.  相似文献   

Scottish toolkit for knowledge management     

Caldwell L  Davies S  Stewart F  Thain A  Wales A 《Health information and libraries journal》2008,25(2):125-134

BACKGROUND: Using specific examples, this paper describes the tools, methods and resources used to develop Managed Knowledge Networks (MKNs) within the NHS Scotland e-Library (http://www.elib.scot.nhs.uk). MKNs help to complete the knowledge management cycle by providing a place to share the learning and discuss the evidence for practice through combining the use of the published material (explicit knowledge) with the experience and knowledge held by individuals, communities and organizations (tacit knowledge). OBJECTIVES: First of all, this paper outlines the e-Library infrastructure, which provides an inter-operable framework to manage the published knowledge using a metadata management system; and a knowledge-sharing tool to support the development of MKNs. It then covers the various stages involved in developing an MKN: gathering and analysing information needs in a variety of ways; presenting and organizing the resources and services for the users as identified in the needs analysis; managing the tacit, personal and local knowledge. CONCLUSION: The toolkit described enables the Knowledge Services Group to take the needs of users, transcribe these into Specialist e-Libraries to provide access to the published information and to support this with accessing and sharing the knowledge of colleagues via MKNs.  相似文献   

Project Flip: A Project Management Case/Exercise Experience     

Janelle Heineke  Larry Meile  Linda Boardman Liu  Jane Davies 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2010,8(1):113-127

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