Early Crying,Sleeping, and Feeding Problems and Trajectories of Attention Problems From Childhood to Adulthood     

Ayten Bilgin  Nicole Baumann  Julia Jaekel  Linda D. Breeman  Peter Bartmann  Josef G. Bäuml  Mihai Avram  Christian Sorg  Dieter Wolke 《Child development》2020,91(1):e77-e91

This study investigated if crying, sleeping or feeding problems that co-occur (multiple regulatory problems [RPs]) or are persistent predict attention problems and diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adulthood. Participants were 342 individuals who were assessed at 5, 20, and 56 months for crying, sleeping, and feeding (RPs) and at 6, 8, and 28 years for ADHD diagnoses, attention problems, and attention span. Infants/toddlers with multiple/persistent RPs had an increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis both in childhood and adulthood compared to those who never had RPs. Multiple/persistent RPs were further associated with a high-decreasing attention problems trajectory from childhood to adulthood. Interventions to alleviate early RPs may prevent the development of attention problems.  相似文献   

纳粹统治下的德国物理学会     

迪特尔·霍夫曼  马克·沃克 《科学文化评论》2005,2(4):78-89

1933年到1945年的德国物理学会的历史并不能完全涵盖希特勒统治下的物理学史,但它确实也反映了在第三帝国期间物理学家工作和生活的许多重要方面.  相似文献   

Learn by doing: How to include new requirements of research in engineering education     

Friedrich Oehme  Dieter Seitzer 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2000,25(2):131-137

Co-operation between university and industry for technology transfer is not only useful for industry, but also for students. In the Fraunhofer Institute of the author, about 40 projects annually for individual companies as well as co-operative research projects with many partners for international programmes such as EUREKA, ESPRIT and LEONARDO are carried out. Students are involved in many ways, as part-time assistants or during their intermediate and diploma thesis projects as well as PhD theses, and contribute significantly to the research and development. By being members of a team of professionals they learn about their later work in industry to the extent that they get ideas for planning their careers and even consider becoming entrepreneurs themselves.  相似文献   

Effect of ski boot rear stiffness (SBRS) on maximal ACL force during injury prone landing movements in alpine ski racing: A study with a musculoskeletal simulation model     

Robert Eberle  Dieter Heinrich  Peter Kaps  Michael Oberguggenberger  Werner Nachbauer 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1125-1133

A common anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury situation in alpine ski racing is landing back-weighted after a jump. Simulated back-weighted landing situations showed higher ACL-injury risk for increasing ski boot rear stiffness (SBRS) without considering muscles. It is well known that muscle forces affect ACL tensile forces during landing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different SBRS on the maximal ACL tensile forces during injury prone landings considering muscle forces by a two-dimensional musculoskeletal simulation model. Injury prone situations for ACL-injuries were generated by the musculoskeletal simulation model using measured kinematics of a non-injury situation and the method of Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, the SBRS was varied for injury prone landings. The maximal ACL tensile forces and contributing factors to the ACL forces were compared for the different SBRS. In the injury prone landings the maximal ACL tensile forces increased with increasing SBRS. It was found that the higher maximal ACL force was caused by higher forces acting on the tibia by the boot and by higher quadriceps muscle forces both due to the higher SBRS. Practical experience suggested that the reduction of SBRS is not accepted by ski racers due to performance reasons. Thus, preventive measures may concentrate on the reduction of the quadriceps muscle force during impact.  相似文献   

Narrative Didaktik     

Matthias Schierz  Dieter Brodtmann 《Sportwissenschaft》1999,29(3):349-352

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Is it possible to voluntarily increase hamstring muscle activation during landing from a snow jump in alpine skiing? - a pilot study     

Sebastian Färber  Dieter Heinrich  Inge Werner 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):180-187

Activation of the hamstrings has been discussed as a measure for reducing strain on the ACL during jump landings in alpine skiing. The current study tested the hypothesis that hamstring and quadriceps activation can be voluntarily increased by the athlete. Specifically, two different instructions – to increase hamstring activation or to increase upper-leg co-contraction – were compared to normal landings. Eight members of the German national and junior national squad in freestyle skiing (age 19.6 ± 3.8 years; weight 66.1 ± 13.2 kg; height 172.2 ± 7.7 cm) performed 12 jump landings on a prepared run, 4 with no specific instruction, 4 with the instruction to generally activate the thigh muscles, and 4 with the instruction to specifically activate the hamstrings. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded on the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM). EMG activation levels were integrated over three landing phases and analysed with a repeated measures ANOVA. The instruction produced a significant main effect in ST (p = .026), VM (p = .032) and RF (p = .001). Contrary to previous research, the current study suggests that hamstring muscle activation levels can be voluntarily increased during jump landing, particularly in co-activation with its antagonists.  相似文献   

Validierung von neun Bewegungssensoren bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen     

Dr. Carsten Müller  Corinna Winter  Marie-Sophie Mogwitz  Dieter Rosenbaum 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(1):8-15

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of one accelerometer and eight pedometers in schoolchildren and young adults under controlled experimental conditions and under free-living conditions over a 24-h period. The most accurate results under controlled conditions were obtained with a piezoelectric pedometer. For this device absolute deviations (median) ranged between 0.2 and 1.0% for children and between 0.2 and 1.4% for young adults. Absolute deviations for the accelerometer were 0.8–3.1% for children and 0.6–3.2% for adults. Motion sensors were more accurate with increasing walking speed. For several pedometers the absolute deviation exceeded 50% in tests with schoolchildren. These differing results illustrate that step counts from different motion sensors cannot be compared directly. Therefore, the validity and reliability of activity monitors should be examined carefully before being used in scientific research.  相似文献   

Teaching philosophies reconsidered:A conceptual model for the development and evaluation of teaching philosophy statements     

Dieter J. Schönwetter  Laura Sokal  Marcia Friesen  K. Lynn Taylor 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(1):83-97

Increasingly, the requirements of applicants to academic faculty positions, promotion and tenure procedures, nominations for teaching awards, or other application processes for innovative teaching grants worldwide include a teaching portfolio or dossier or a statement of teaching philosophy. Current literature provides a spectrum of approaches to constructing a teaching philosophy statement. While these resources provide practical utility, this literature generally lacks conceptual models that provide clear operational definitions and comprehensive frameworks for the process of generating or evaluating a teaching philosophy statement. However, this literature does illustrate the complexity of the task. Each teaching philosophy statement reflects not only personal beliefs about teaching and learning, but also disciplinary cultures, institutional structures and cultures, and stakeholder expectations as well. This synergy among self, discipline, and institutional context guided the development of a conceptual model for constructing a teaching philosophy statement. Based on the authors' survey of the literature, a conceptual model was developed, and then refined in a series of three workshops that included input from graduate students, academic faculty, faculty developers, and academic managers (administrators). The resulting conceptual framework includes the six dimensions commonly found in a survey of faculty teaching philosophies: the purpose of teaching and learning; the role of the teacher; the role of the student; the methods used; evaluation and assessment of teaching and learning; and also includes two framing devices - a metaphor or a critical incident and a device for acknowledging the impact that contextual factors have on teacher decision making. This paper describes the development of this conceptual model, and provides an evaluation rubric that can be applied to assess teaching philosophy statements generated using the proposed framework.  相似文献   

Contextual e-learning evaluation: A preliminary framework     

Christian Voigt  Paula Swatman 《Learning, Media and Technology》2004,29(3):175-187

The evaluation of solutions is a major unresolved issue for all those involved in e-learning. In this paper we illustrate the importance of context by means of a qualitative comparison of two e-learning prototype implementations--an action research case undertaken in conjunction with a major German insurance company; and a more experimental approach undertaken during an undergraduate university course, where a variety of learning strategies were tested. Despite the apparent difference of the two prototypes, we believe that evaluators from both sides can learn from one another's experiences--and that the differences lie in the ranking of the evaluation categories, rather than in their in/exclusion. We conclude that we can learn from other evaluation projects--not in terms of operational evaluation criteria, but in terms of understanding evaluation categories and their integrated nature within the e-learning organisation.  相似文献   

Der Wettkampf in den Marschen     

Michael Herb  Dieter Kurth 《Sportwissenschaft》2003,33(3):317-325

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