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ABSTRACTProblem solving has been characterized as one of the ‘employability skills’ due to the high demand for such abilities in a modern workplace. Most universities do not monitor progress of the generic problem-solving skills (PSS) of their students due to a lack of available assessment tools. We used previously reported 15-min tests to measure the generic PSS of students over the first three years of university. More than 600 students participated in this study, including 144 who wrote PSS tests in Year 1 and then again in Year 3 of their studies. Two versions of the PSS test were administered in September and December of both years. We observed a non-linear increase in PSS test scores with a significant growth during the first three months of Year 1, a similar increase over the next 21 months, then no change during the first three months of Year 3. Further studies are necessary to pinpoint the instructional techniques and situational factors facilitating the PSS development of students over the first three years of studies. Moreover, the plateau we observe in the third year indicates that proactive steps by universities and individual instructors are required to advance this important skill set in upper-year students. 相似文献
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Pascal Pansu Nicole Dubois Benoît Dompnier 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2008,23(4):385-397
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the socionormative approach of internality in the field of education, and
more specifically regarding scholastic judgment. It describes the theoretical development and the main procedures used by
researchers to show that internal causal explanations have more value than external ones because they are normative and convey
social value. We present results that show that the preference for internal explanations is learned in school. We also demonstrate
that internal explanations are often chosen for self-presentation purposes and have some bearing in evaluative practices (here,
scholastic judgment). We also present results which show that certain internal explanations of school events, regardless of
their valence (success or failure), enhance the social worth of the pupil producing them. This applies to effort-based explanations
which are more highly valued than others (e.g., in terms of personological traits such as aptitudes or abilities). Such results
lead us to discuss the role played by internal explanations in the evaluation practices. We underline the relevant aspect
of the socionormative theory of internality by comparison to another sociocognitive approach namely Weiner’s attributional
theory of motivation. 相似文献
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The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a deep effect on the relationship between state and university, and therefore a direct impact on university governance. This article sums up the main results of a research carried out on university Présidents in France and Rettori in Italy, with the aim of understanding their views about the changing process in higher education systems and the related impact on their leading role. There emerges a picture of systems transiting from a traditional centralised Napoleonic structure to a new one where the growing autonomy requires a different kind of governance not previously experienced, and thus not easy to implement mostly because of the resistance coming from universities themselves. The majority of Presidents and Rectors seem aware of the changing process and the related problems even if they do not all agree upon feasible trends to follow. Such a disagreement appears to be an understandable consequence of the unstable and unpredictable direction of the changing situation in the two systems. 相似文献
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Besse M. Fragnière S. Müller A. Piguet M. Dubois L. Miéville D. Schoeb S. Schumacher D. 《Science & Education》2019,28(6-7):759-795
Science & Education - This article is about an intervention introducing prehistoric life in primary education. Its objectives were to foster openness and interest for prehistory and... 相似文献
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Kenneth A. Kiewra Nelson F. Dubois Maribeth Christensen Sung-Il Kim Nancy Lindberg 《Instructional Science》1989,18(3):217-232
Previous research investigating the encoding, encoding-plus-storage, and extermal-storage functions of note taking has failed to equate processing opportunities among the groups. The present studies did so by having the encoding group take notes on two occasions without review, the encoding-plus-storage group take notes one time and review notes the next, and the external-storage group twice review a set of borrowed notes. Three forms of note taking were used: conventional, and note taking on skeletal and matrix frameworks. In both Experiment 1, involving lecture learning, and Experiment 2, involving text learning, an advantage was found for the encoding-plus-storage function on tests involving factual-recall and recognition performance but not on tests measuring higher-order performance. With respect to note-taking forms, no advantage existed for any form when information was acquired from lecture. When text material was used there was some advantage for conventional notes and a clear advantage for not taking notes at all, but instead twice reading the material. These findings were explained relative to observed note-taking behaviors, the opportunity for review, and the processing demands proposed by the combination of reading and note taking, particularly when notes must be classified into an existing framework. 相似文献
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Jane Morgan-Daniel Xan Y. Goodman Sandra G. Franklin Kelsa Bartley Matthew Nicholas Noe JJ Pionke 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(1):141
The Medical Library Association (MLA) appointed a Diversity and Inclusion Task Force (DITF) in 2017. Sandra G. Franklin, AHIP, FMLA, chaired the task force and guided initiatives. From 2017 to 2020, the task force completed a review of MLA defining documents—including the mission, vision, values, and code of ethics—resulting in language updates to these documents. As MLA transitioned through the communities process, the DITF contributed to the transition. Other recommended essential changes to MLA profiles to promote awareness included updating pronouns to promote gender inclusivity and suggestions for the Annual Meeting Innovation Task Force. DITF members actively brought diversity and inclusion programming and engagement to MLA members at annual meetings. The task force held a fish bowl conversation, an open forum, and a Diversity Dialogues roundtable discussion; provided interactive discussion boards; and designed an MLA diversity button. Beyond MLA annual meetings, the task force hosted two critical librarianship meetings and a Twitter chat to engage MLA members with diversity and inclusion topics. Task force members promoted diversity and inclusion beyond their task force appointments with presentations at chapter meetings and other non-DITF MLA annual meeting programming. A notable task force accomplishment included completing a survey of MLA members to gather baseline demographic characteristics, including never before collected data about disability, socioeconomics, and caregiver status. This report provides an overview of DITF activities from 2017 to 2020. 相似文献
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Anna J. Wilson Stanislas Dehaene Ophélie Dubois Michel Fayol 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2009,3(4):224-234
"The Number Race" is an adaptive game designed to improve number sense. We tested its effectiveness using a cross-over design in 53 low socioeconomic status kindergarteners in France. Children showed improvements in tasks traditionally used to assess number sense (numerical comparison of digits and words). However, there was no improvement on non-symbolic measures of number sense, suggesting that rather than being in number sense per se, the improvement was in number sense access; or links between symbolic and non-symbolic representations of number. Focused adaptive interventions such as this may contribute to reducing the socioeconomic gap in math achievement. 相似文献
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Tertiary Education and Management - The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a... 相似文献
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