Randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of pedometers on general practitioners' attitudes to engagement in and promotion of physical activity     

Ina James  Andy Smith  Teena Smith  Edward Kirby  Philippa Press  Patrick Doherty 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):753-758

Abstract

Pedometers have been identified as a tool for health professionals to promote physical activity. This study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing a pedometer on general practitioners' attitudes to promoting physical activity, was a pragmatic, multi-centred, randomized controlled trial within a primary care trust in England. The participants were 102 general practitioners (GPs). Eighty-five (48 males, 37 females) of the GPs completed pre and post questionnaires, 43 of whom were in the intervention group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes between the control and intervention groups for attitude to engage in physical activity (t ₈₃ = 1.13, CI ?0.362 to 0.099) or attitude to promote physical activity in their patients (t ₈₃ = 1.7, CI ?0.593 to 0.045). A higher volume of walking was significantly correlated with a more positive attitude to engage in physical activity (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) but not with a more positive attitude to promoting physical activity. Wearing a pedometer had no significant effect on GPs' attitudes to engaging in physical activity or promoting physical activity in their patients.  相似文献   

Metrics of meaningfulness as opposed to sleights of significance     

Edward M. Winter  Grant A. Abt  Alan M. Nevill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):901-902

  相似文献   

Age,Physical Activity,Physical Fitness,Body Composition,and Incidence of Orthopedic Problems     

C. A. Macera  Kirby L. Jackson  Gerald W. Hagenmaier  Jennie J. Kronenfeld  Harold W. Kohl  Steven N. Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):225-233

Abstract

The incidence of orthopedic problems was examined in 5, 582 men and women who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas between 1974 and 1982. The effects of age, physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index (EMI) on the occurrence of these problems were examined using a proportional hazards approach. The expected risk of orthopedic problems per person-year was 0.045 for men and 0.046 for women. For men, physical fitness, BMI, and physical activity were associated with orthopedic problems, while for women, physical activity was the main predictor. Age was not a factor for either gender. The effect of change in physical fitness, physical activity, and BMI was examined in a subset of 2, 325 persons with more than one visit to the clinic. For women, physical activity and a decrease in BMI were associated with orthopedic problems, while for men none of those factors were significant. Again, age was not a factor in either group. The absence of any age effect on the occurrence of problems suggests that with regard to orthopedic problems, moderate amounts of physical activity in generally healthy persons may be recommended without special consideration as to age.  相似文献   

Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Response to Housner     

Edward Walkwitz  Amelia Lee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):447-448

Abstract

An experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of a relapse prevention program, a reinforcement program, and an exercise-only control group in increasing exercise program adherence and short-term maintenance in 120 previously sedentary female university employees. The subjects participated in an 18-week exercise program composed of stretching, calisthenics, and aerobic dance. Attendance during the first half of the program was significantly higher for subjects in the relapse prevention group than for those in the control group. A nonsignificant trend in this direction emerged during the second half of the program and at 2-month follow-up. For all treatment groups, attrition (attendance at less than two thirds of the exercise sessions) was substantial, averaging 72% at the end of the 18-week program. These findings indicate that relapse prevention and reinforcement programs may not assist previously sedentary females in long-term adherence to an exercise program.  相似文献   

The Effects of Static Stretching and Warm-Up on Prevention of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness     

David M. High  Edward T. Howley  B. Don Franks 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):357-361

Abstract

It has been suggested in the lay literature that static stretching and/or warm-up will prevent the occurrence of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching and!or warm-up on the level of pain associated with DOMS. Sixty-two healthy male and female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) subjects who statically stretched the quadriceps muscle group before a step, (b) subjects who only performed a stepping warm-up, (c) subjects who both stretched and performed a stepping warm-up prior to a step test, and (d) subjects who only performed a step test. The step test (Asmussen, 1956) required subjects to do concentric work with their right leg and eccentric work with their left leg to voluntary exhaustion. Subjects rated their muscle soreness on a ratio scale from zero to six at 24-hour intervals for 5 days following the step test. A 4×2×2 ANOVA with repeated measures on legs and Duncan's New Multiple Range post-hoc test found no difference in peak muscle soreness among the groups doing the step test or for gender (p > .05). There was the expected significant difference in peak muscle soreness between eccentrically and concentrically worked legs, with the eccentrically worked leg experiencing greater muscle soreness. We concluded that static stretching and!or warm-up does not prevent DOMS resulting from exhaustive exercise.  相似文献   

A Perceptual-Motor Development Program's Effect on Visual Perception and Reading Readiness of First-Grade Children     

Edward D. Lipton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):402-405

Abstract

It was the purpose of this investigation to conduct a program in perceptual-motor development and to determine changes in, and assess relationships between, changes in perceptual-motor development on visual perception and reading readiness of first-grade children. Four classes were equated on the variables age, height, sex, and weight. Two of the classes (experimental) were exposed to the perceptual-motor program for 12 weeks and the other two classes (control) took part in the conventional physical education program. All students participated in their regular classroom activities. All subjects were evaluated in perceptual-motor development, visual perception, and reading readiness prior to and immediately following the research program. The difference scores (pre- and post-test) were evaluated by two-way ANOVA to determine if there were any significant differences between groups. F ratios for the three variables tested were all significant beyond the .01 level in support of the perceptual-motor program.  相似文献   

Adjusting athletes' body mass index to better reflect adiposity in epidemiological research     

Alan M. Nevill  Edward M. Winter  Steve Ingham  Adam Watts  Georgios S. Metsios  Arthur D. Stewart 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):1009-1016

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify when body mass index (BMI) is unlikely to be a valid measure of adiposity in athletic populations and to propose a simple adjustment that will allow the BMI of athletes to reflect the adiposity normally associated with non-athletic populations. Using data from three previously published studies containing 236 athletes from seven sports and 293 age-matched controls, the association between adiposity (sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, in millimetres) and BMI was explored using correlation, linear regression, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). As anticipated, there were strong positive correlations (r = 0.83 for both men and women) and slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in age-matched controls from Study 1 (all P < 0.001). The standard of sport participation reduced these associations. Of the correlations and linear-regression slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in the sports from Studies 2 and 3, although still positive in most groups, less than half of the correlations and slope parameters were statistically significant. When data from the three studies were combined, the ANCOVA identified that the BMI slope parameter of controls (5.81 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) was greater than the BMI slope parameter for sports (2.62 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) and middle-distance runners (0.94 mm · (kg · m^?2)^?1) (P < 0.001). Based on these contrasting associations, we calculated how the BMI of athletes can be adjusted to reflect the same adiposity associated with age-matched controls. This simple adjustment allows the BMI of athletes and non-athletes to be used with greater confidence when investigating the effect of BMI as a risk factor in epidemiological research.  相似文献   

Validation of a single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test     

Lindsey Waddoups  Jennifer Fallon  Edward Heath 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):491-497

Abstract

The single-stage treadmill walking test of Ebbeling et al. is commonly used to predict maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O_2max) from a submaximal effort between 50% and 70% of the participant's age-predicted maximum heart rate. The purpose of this study was to determine if this submaximal test correctly predicts [Vdot]O_2max at the low (50% of maximum heart rate) and high (70% of maximum heart rate) ends of the specified heart rate range for males and females aged 18 – 55 years. Each of the 34 participants completed one low-intensity and one high-intensity trial. The two trials resulted in significantly different estimates of [Vdot]O_2max (low-intensity trial: mean 40.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1, s = 9.3; high-intensity trial: 47.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1, s = 8.8; P < 0.01). A subset of 22 participants concluded their second trial with a [Vdot]O_2max test (mean 47.9 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1, s = 8.9). The low-intensity trial underestimated (mean difference = ?3.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; 95% CI = ?6.4 to ?0.6 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; P = 0.02) and the high-intensity trial overestimated (mean difference = 3.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; 95% CI = 1.1 to 6.0 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; P = 0.01) the measured [Vdot]O_2max. The predictive validity of Ebbeling and colleagues' single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test is diminished when performed at the extremes of the specified heart rate range.  相似文献   

Comparison of Fat Metabolism Between Trained Men and Women During Prolonged Aerobic Work     

Scotty K. Powers  William Riley  Edward T. Howley 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):427-431

  相似文献   

Teacher Perceptions of a Physical Education Statewide Assessment Program     

Judith Rink  Laura Jones  Kym Kirby  Murray Mitchell  Panayiotis Doutis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):204-215

Abstract

A statewide program assessment was established to make positive change in physical education school programs in South Carolina. Reform efforts depend both on balancing accountability for change and teacher support for change (Odden &Anderson, 1986). The purpose of the study was to determine teacher perceptions of the South Carolina Physical Education Assessment Program and its effects across six related themes including: changes in teaching and learning, changes in curriculum and instruction, teacher awareness of the assessment program, teacher support for the program, work place conditions, and the advocacy role of the program. It was also the purpose of this study to determine if the survey responses were in any way related to teacher and school variables. The overall results of the study indicated positive change and support for the assessment program, supporting the viability of the standards, assessment, and accountability reform effort to positively impact physical education programs.  相似文献