Le rôle de l'éducation préscolaire dans l'éducation permanente     

Gaston Mialaret 《Interchange》1971,2(2):23-26

Résumé Il est contre nature d'étudier l'enfant en découpant différents âges ou différents stades. L'enfant est un être qui a son unité longitudinal. Actuellement la psychologie génétique nous permet d'avoir une conception scientifique de l'enfant. Cette conception scientifique définit et précise une conception contemporaine de l'éducation. A la base de cette conception qu'on appelle l'éducation se trouve la confiance dans l'avenier de l'homme et les pouvoirs de l'éducation. Ceci serait insuffisant si nous n'avions pas aussi des idées sur le rôle de l'enfant et de l'homme dans la société. Si nous voulons préparer un enfant à devenir un citoyen capable de jouer son rôle dans la société contemporaine il faut le préparer dès le plus jeune âge à cette tâche importante. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous pensons qu'il est juste de dire que l'enfant est le père de l'homme.

---

It goes against nature to study the child by arbitrarily establishing different ages or different stages. The child is a human being, who has a longitudinal unity. At the present time, genetic psychology allows us to have a scientific conception of the child. This scientific conception defines and specifies a contemporary conception of education. At the base of this conception that we call education is confidence in the future of man and in the powers of education. This would not be sufficient if we did not also have certain ideas on the role of the child and of man in society. If we wish to prepare a child to become a citizen who is capable of fulfilling his role in contemporary society, we must start at the earliest age to prepare him for this task. That is why we think it is true to say that the child is the father of the man.

  相似文献   

An econometric analysis of the effect of collaboration on academic research productivity     

Réjean Landry  Namatie Traore  Benoît Godin 《Higher Education》1996,32(3):283-301

Previous studies on collaborative research emphasize industry-university collaboration conducted in a subset of academic disciplines associated with applied engineering. These studies focus on motivations, mechanisms, financial costs and financial benefits of collaborative research while paying little attention to the impact of collaborative research on academic productivity. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to compensate for some of these shortcomings. First, we present a survey which includes responses from academic researchers of all the scientific disciplines. Second, we take into account and compare the collaborative relationships between university researchers, between university researchers and industry, and between university researchers and other institutions, especially government agencies, local governments and organized interest groups. And third, we assess the impact of these collaborative activities on the academic productivity of the university researchers.The results of this paper show that collaboration, whether it be undertaken with universities, industries or institutions, may indeed increase researchers' productivity. We find this to be true whether or not such relationships begin early in a researcher's career. We also find this to be true whether or not the collaborators have an intellectual symmetry. The effect of collaboration on productivity varies according to both the scientists' geographical closeness to their partners and on their field of research. It was found that collaboration between researchers and industry had significantly more impact on productivity than collaborations between researchers and their peers or researchers and other institutions. Scientists in humanities were found to produce less materials in collaboration than scientists in other fields. And, scientists involved in collaboration aimed mostly at producing patented and unpatented products, scientific instruments, software and artistic production were also found to produce less.In sum, given that collaboration contributes to the increase of scientific productivity, government decision makers and university administrators ought to encourage researchers to forge collaborative relationships.  相似文献   

In the Shadow of Schumpeter: W. Rupert Maclaurin and the Study of Technological Innovation     

Benoît Godin 《Minerva》2008,46(3):343-360

J. Schumpeter is a key figure, even a seminal one, on technological innovation. Most economists who study technological innovation refer to Schumpeter and his pioneering role in introducing innovation into economic studies. However, despite having brought forth the concept of innovation in economic theory, Schumpeter provided few if any analyses of the process of innovation itself. This paper suggests that the origin of systematic studies on technological innovation owes its existence to the economist W. Rupert Maclaurin from MIT. In the 1940s and 1950s, Maclaurin developed Schumpeter’s ideas, analyzing technological innovation as a process composed of several stages or steps, and proposed a theory of technological innovation, later called the linear model of innovation. The paper also argues that Maclaurin constructed one of the first taxonomies for measuring technological innovation.  相似文献   

Science, accounting and statistics: The input-output framework     

Benoît Godin 《Research Policy》2007,36(9):1388-1403

Statistics on science are often framed within an input-output framework: inputs are invested into research activities that produce outputs. This framework is a pure accounting framework based on the anticipated economic benefits of science. This paper asks where the framework comes from. It shows that the semantics on input and output in science can be traced back to the economic literature, and its analyses of growth via an econometric equation called the production function. Used extensively by economists in the mid-1950s to study science and its relationship to the economy, the semantics immediately offered official statisticians a conceptual framework for organizing statistics on science. This is due to the fact that the framework was perfectly aligned with policy discussions on the efficiency of the science system.  相似文献   

Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ron Boschma  Gaston Heimeriks  Pierre-Alexandre Balland 《Research Policy》2014

This paper investigates the impact of scientific relatedness on knowledge dynamics in biotech at the city level during the period 1989–2008. We assess the extent to which the emergence of new research topics and the disappearance of existing topics in cities are dependent on their degree of scientific relatedness with existing topics in those cities. We make use of the rise and fall of title words in scientific publications in biotech to identify major cognitive developments within the field. We determined the degree of relatedness between 1028 scientific topics in biotech by means of co-occurrence of pairs of topics in journal articles. We combined this relatedness indicator between topics in biotech with the scientific portfolio of cities (i.e. the topics on which they published previously) to determine how cognitively close a potentially new topic (or an existing topic) is to the scientific portfolio of a city. We analyzed knowledge dynamics at the city level by looking at the entry and exit of topics in the scientific portfolio of 276 cities in the world. We found strong and robust evidence that new scientific topics in biotech tend to emerge systematically in cities where scientifically related topics already exist, while existing scientific topics had a higher probability to disappear from a city when these were weakly related to the scientific portfolio of the city.  相似文献   

The Influences of Faculty on Undergraduate Student Participation in Research and Creative Activities     

Shouping Hu  Kathyrine Scheuch  Joy Gaston Gayles 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(3):173-183

Using data collected from surveys of college juniors and seniors and faculty members in related academic departments, this study examined whether faculty teaching and research orientations, as well as faculty external funding, had any impact on undergraduate student participation in research and creative activities. The results of the study indicated that faculty research orientation and external funding were indeed positively related to student participation in research activities. However, faculty members’ teaching orientation was not significant. Further analyses indicated that faculty teaching and research orientations had different impacts on a range of research and creative activities by undergraduate students. The findings from this study provide insight on ways of improving college teaching and learning as well as informing the development of institutional academic policies related to faculty and undergraduate education. Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D. in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focus on college access and success, student engagement, and higher education policy. Kathyrine Scheuch is the Deputy Director of Research and Evaluation in the Division of Community Colleges, Florida Department of Education. She received her Ed.D. in Higher Education from Florida State University. Her research interests include undergraduate research activities and minority student issues. Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor of Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Ph.D. in Higher Education from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the college student experience and its impact on student development and learning.  相似文献   

Do Journal Administrators solve the reviewer assignment problem as well as editors? Consideration of reviewer rigour and timeliness     

Noel McGlinchey  Tom Hunter  Jack Bromley  Ruth Fisher  Anna Debiec‐Waszak  Thomas Gaston 《Learned Publishing》2019,32(1):37-46

The study aimed to find whether journal editorial office administrators were as effective as editors at assigning rigorous reviewers. We analysed four journals using blended systems of editor‐selected reviewers (ESR) and Journal Administrator‐selected reviewers (JASR) from four disciplines: medicine, sociology, education, and business/applied psychology. In blended journals, both editors and Journal Administrators select authors to review using web‐based expert‐finding tools. All reviewers selected were both authors and reviewers. We primarily wanted to assess the quality of reviews from both ESR and JASR reviewer selection methodologies. Reviewer rigour was defined as differences between editor decisions and reviewer recommendations. Timeliness data were also recorded and analysed separately as an indicator of efficiency. Reviewer rigour, the quality of reviewers’ evaluations, was estimated from the level of agreement between editors and reviewers. Timeliness was not considered a direct measure of rigour. For two journals, no statistically significant differences were observed; for two, in a small proportion of cases, ESR reviews were more negative. One journal showed some statistically significant major differences but only in 2% of reviews. Timeliness data indicated some statistically significant trends that JASR return reviews more promptly. Therefore, where editors rely on at least two reviewers’ recommendations, JASR is equally rigorous as ESR.  相似文献   

The rhetoric of a health technology: the microprocessor patient card     

Godin B 《Social studies of science》1997,27(6):865-902

  相似文献   

An investigation in evaluation issues for a simulation training programme     

Danny Saunders  Karen Gaston 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1996,27(1):15-24

Rolfe (1991) and Parasuraman (1981) are critical of previous efforts by researchers to evaluate simulations given that very few authors in the field of simulation are actually considering validity, reliability or utility of simulations as training or educational methods.
The Rank Ordering Exercise is designed as an activity which highlights evaluation issues. It was explained to 26 participants divided into 13 pairs. Each pair were asked to order 26 cards into a preferred chronological sequence—from the early stages of planning to the final stages of the project. Participants were given a scenario outlining a company which is experiencing complaints about the quality and standard of its customer care. A brief set of instructions asked participants to develop a training programme which incorporates a simulation, with the aim of building in evaluation components.
The Rank Ordering Exercise raised awareness of internal and more importantly external validity issues. The authors noted an overall agreement about a preferred sequence of events and the exercise was effective in highlighting the need for the evaluation "checks" to be made during the planning stages of any research or consultancy project.  相似文献   

What influences the regional diversity of reviewers: A study of medical and agricultural/biological sciences journals          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Gaston  Pippa Smart 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(3):189-197

There is evidence of a geographical imbalance of reviewers, leading to concerns about the sustainability of peer review to ensure high‐quality, timely publications. This research evaluated articles submitted during 2016 to 149 Wiley‐owned journals in two disciplines: medicine (112 journals), and agricultural and biological sciences (37). We compared the reviewer location with the location of the author and the Editor‐in‐Chief, the size and rank of the journal, and whether the journal had difficulty in obtaining reviews. We found that reviewers mostly came from the USA, but there was a correlation between the reviewer location and the country and region of the Editor‐in‐Chief and that of the corresponding author. Reviewers were also more likely to accept invitations to review articles when the corresponding author was from their region and were more likely to be positive about such articles. We found no difference between journals of different disciplines and of different rank or size or difficulty in obtaining reviews.  相似文献