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21.
Maternal separation in young pigtail (M. nemestrina) monkeys results in an agitation-depression reaction that is a useful animal model of the behavioral and physiological consequences and separation and loss experiences in humans. In this study, 5 social-group-living bonnet (M. radiata) monkey infants were separated from their mothers for 4 days, and behavioral, physiological, and sleep-pattern changes were monitored. Behavioral and physiological changes were consistent with an agitation reaction. There was evidence of depression in both behavioral and physiological measures; these changes were not as pronounced as in pigtail infants, however. All infants were adopted by another adult female during separation. Our findings suggest that, in bonnet monkey infants, adoption by a female within the social group ameliorates the response to loss. 相似文献
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Gennaro Boccia Davide Dardanello Cantor Tarperi Luca Festa Antonio La Torre Barbara Pellegrini 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):695-704
Women are known to be less fatigable than men in single-joint exercises, but fatigue induced by running has not been well understood. Here we investigated sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue and in rate of force development (RFD) in the knee extensors after a half-marathon run. Ten male and eight female amateur runners (aged 25–50 years) were evaluated before and immediately after a half-marathon race. Knee extensors forces were obtained under voluntary and electrically evoked isometric contractions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) force and peak RFD were recorded. Electrically doublet stimuli were delivered during the MVC and at rest to calculate the level of voluntary activation and the resting doublet twitch. After the race, decreases in MVC force (males: ?11%, effect size [ES] 0.52; females: ?11% ES 0.33), voluntary activation (males: ?6%, ES 0.87; females: ?4%, ES 0.72), and resting doublet twitch (males: ?6%, ES 0.34; females: ?8%, ES 0.30) were found to be similar between males and females. The decrease in peak RFD was found to be similar between males and females (males: ?14%, ES 0.43; females: ?15%, ES 0.14). Half-marathon run induced both central and peripheral fatigue, without any difference between men and women. The maximal and explosive strength loss was found similar between sexes. Together, these findings do not support the need of sex-specific training interventions to increase the tolerance to neuromuscular fatigue in half-marathoners. 相似文献
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C.P. Guillén-Flores B. Castillo-Toledo J.P. García-Sandoval S. Di Gennaro V. González Álvarez 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2013
This paper proposes the design of a reset fuzzy observer for the class of nonlinear systems able to be described by a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. The observer uses both continuous and discrete measurements and in contrast with the observers based on the First Order Reset Element (FORE), it updates its states resetting the initial condition of the integrator at each instant when the discrete measurements are available. The proposed fuzzy observer is applied to estimate the substrate and biomass concentration of an anaerobic wastewater treatment process and the effectiveness of the proposed method is tested by simulations comparing the results of a reset fuzzy observer with two fuzzy observers using continuous measurements only. Finally, the estimation scheme is validated using experimental data from an actual anaerobic digestion process, suggesting that the proposed reset fuzzy observer is a practical and encouraging approach to the state estimation of the class nonlinear processes under study. 相似文献
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Mariacristina Cocca Lucia D'Arienzo Loredana D'Orazio Gennaro Gentile Carlo Mancarella Ezio Martuscelli Carmen Polcaro 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2006,7(4):236-243
With the aim of identifying new water dispersed polymers for textile conservation, the structure and properties of three commercial polyacrylates and one commercial polyvinylacetate were analysed. The characteristics of these materials, not previously used in the conservation and restoration fields, were compared with that shown by Primal AC33 and Mowilith DMC2 and SDM5, widely used as consolidating or adhesive agents of ancient textiles. To achieve a thorough characterisation of each polymer, molecular, thermal, structural and mechanical investigation techniques were applied on film samples, obtained from polymer water dispersions through water casting at room temperature and/or compression moulding. The photo-oxidative resistance of these materials was also assessed by artificial weathering of water cast films and by measuring the Yellowing Index (YI) as a function of the exposure time under xenon-arc lamp. Collected data were used to appropriately compare the performances shown by these polymers when applied on artefacts consisting of natural fibres. In particular it was found that, among the products not previously used in the conservation and restoration fields, a high potential for carrying out treatments on textiles is shown by the samples commercialised with the trade names of Acrilem RP6005 and Acrilem 30WA. These products, in fact, exhibit properties that make them suitable as substitutes for Primal AC33 and Mowilith DMC2 and SDM5, respectively, depending upon conservation needs. It was very interesting to note that Acrilem 30WA, also after aging, shows YI values lower than that shown by Mowilith DMC2 and SDM5. 相似文献
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Abstract College students (N = 72) took a four-minute test of addition on two separate days, once preceded by an exhausting treadmill run and once without prior exertion. Scores were recorded for speed and accuracy for each minute and for the total four minutes. It was found that the exertion had a significant negative effect on accuracy for the total four minutes as well as for the second and fourth minute. No significant effect of exertion on speed was obtained. When control and experimental conditions were considered together a significant trend in favor of high fitness subjects was found on speed of addition. Significant differences in favor of medium and high fitness subjects were found on accuracy of addition. 相似文献