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11.
Ilana Gershon 《Culture, Theory & Critique》2013,54(3):259-264
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Nili Steinberg Shay Tenenbaum Myriam Stern Aviva Zeev Itzhak Siev-Ner 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(15):1690-1698
The aim of this study was to assess changes in body morphology, anatomical alignment and prevalence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in young female dancers along one year of pubertal growth, and to identify the risk factors related to PFP in these young dancers. Both legs of 60 dancers were evaluated during grade 7 and again after 1-year. At each of these points in time, the dancers were interviewed concerning their background, and anthropometric measurements, lower-limb physical examinations and knee ultrasound scans were performed. Morphological parameters changed significantly from baseline to follow-up. PFP was found in 53.3% of the dancers’ knees at baseline. At follow-up, 55.4% of the asymptomatic knees at baseline developed PFP, and only 9.4% of the symptomatic knees at baseline recovered. Lower BMI was identified among dancers who developed PFP during follow-up compared with dancers with no PFP, either at baseline or at follow-up. A positive grinding and positive Patellar Inhibition Test (PIT) were found to be risk factors for PFP at follow-up. A high prevalence of young dancers suffered PFP, from injuries they sustained mostly during the 1-year of dance practice. Parameters predisposing the dancers to PFP should be identified at early stages of dance class. 相似文献
13.
Acute and residual effects of vibratory stimulation on explosive strength in elite and amateur athletes. 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Fourteen elite and 14 amateur athletes were subjected to vibratory stimulation during bilateral biceps curl exercises of explosive strength exertion. The athletes performed two separate series of three sets of exercises in random order. The second set of one series was administered with superimposed vibration of 44 Hz and an acceleration of about 30 m x s(-2) transmitted through the two-arms handle to the arm muscles. The mechanical power of each repetition was measured by the 'Power Teach' instrument. The maximal and mean power values for each set were automatically recorded and shown on the screen. The acute effect was evaluated as the difference between the mean and peak power output in the second (with vibratory stimulation) and first (without vibratory stimulation) sets. Similarly, the residual effect was taken to be the difference between the power values of the third (after vibratory stimulation) and the first (before vibratory stimulation) sets. The results were subjected to a repeated-measures analysis of variance with group as a between-participants factor. The results showed that exercise mode (with vs without vibratory stimulation) resulted in a significant immediate effect for mean power and for maximal power. The factor group (elite vs amateurs) resulted in a significant effect for maximal power only. The increase in explosive strength exertion attributed to vibratory stimulation was 30.1 and 29.8 W (10.4% and 10.2%) for maximal and mean power respectively in the elite group, and 20.0 and 25.9 W (7.9% and 10.7%) respectively in the amateur athletes. Vibratory stimulation resulted in an insignificant residual effect. 相似文献
14.
There have been significant problems in the study of sports aggression, and they are linked to how aggression has been defined, measured, and analyzed. Following a review of the whole domain, this study aimed to construct a theoretically coherent and ecologically valid framework for research on processes underlying sports aggression and to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the area. An exploratory method using computer observational analysis as the primary research method, along with complementary questionnaires and personal reflections, considered aggression in two comparison sports: ice hockey and basketball. Data were compiled and classified by involved and independent experts relative to factors and behaviors associated with sports aggression derived from a comprehensive review of the literature. Among the study's findings were that: (a) aggression was instrumental in nature two-thirds of the time; (b) aggressive acts typically occurred in clusters and varied in frequency according to game circumstances; and (c) multiple variables and aggression theories were related to severely aggressive acts. The complex dynamics of sports aggression via similar naturalistic methodologies is discussed. 相似文献
15.
16.
Michael B. Johnson Gershon Tenenbaum William A. Edmonds Yvonne Castillo 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(4):453-475
In this paper, we draw attention to the profound lack of racial diversity as well as the prevalence of whiteness within Canadian faculties of Kinesiology and Physical Education. In support of our argument that there exists an immediate need for equity programming within physical education in higher education, we present the results from two interconnected studies designed to make transparent: (1) the demographic character of faculties of Kinesiology and Physical Education across Canada; as well as (2) the delivery of content related to race, diversity and whiteness within the curriculum. In the first study, we collected website representations of faculty and staff (i.e. photos) as well as lists of curricular offerings for each of the member institutions of the Canadian Council of University Physical Education and Kinesiology Administrators. Website documents were downloaded, analyzed and organized according to criteria related to race and diversity. The follow-up study consisted of interviews with 40 faculty members across Canada where we asked questions pertaining to their perceptions of the faculty setting (i.e. the demographic make-up of their faculty including faculty, staff and students as well as the culture within the faculty) and the curriculum. As a method of triangulation, interview data was used to confirm and inform our analysis of the initial website data; when combined, the analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the cultures of whiteness that exist within physical education in higher education. In order for physical education to be truly inclusive, we call for the development of greater alliances across disciplines and geographic borders such that the hegemony of whiteness within the (physical education) academy can be disrupted. 相似文献
17.
In this study, we investigated a new method of training for maximal strength and flexibility, which included exertion with superimposed vibration (vibratory stimulation, VS) on target muscles. Twenty‐eight male athletes were divided into three groups, and trained three times a week for 3 weeks in one of the following conditions: (A) conventional exercises for strength of the arms and VS stretching exercises for the legs; (B) VS strength exercises for the arms and conventional stretching exercises for the legs; (C) irrelevant training (control group). The vibration was applied at 44 Hz while its amplitude was 3 mm. The effect of training was evaluated by means of isotonic maximal force, heel‐to‐heel length in the two‐leg split across, and flex‐and‐reach test for body flexion. The VS strength training yielded an average increase in isotonic maximal strength of 49.8%, compared with an average gain of 16% with conventional training, while no gain was observed for the control group. The VS flexibility training resulted in an average gain in the legs split of 14.5 cm compared with 4.1 cm for the conventional training and 2 cm for the control groups, respectively. The ANOVA revealed significant pre‐post training effects and an interaction between pre‐post training and ‘treatment’ effects (P< 0.001) for the isotonic maximal force and both flexibility tests. It was concluded that superimposed vibrations applied for short periods allow for increased gains in maximal strength and flexibility. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, we present a new approach to studying the perception- action linkage in sport. The approach and the sport-specific paradigms associated with it are aimed at exploring the 'covert' processes underlying decision-making and decision alterations before and during the course of action execution. The approach introduced here is based on Coles' (1989) work applying the chronometric approach in various paradigms using warning and imperative stimuli (i.e. valid and invalid cueing). Coles also demonstrated the efficacy of the 'lateralized readiness potential' as a measure which reflects the correct and incorrect activation of motor responses (i.e. the covert processes underlying error elicitation). The chronometric approach, which takes into account the warning and imperative stimuli as well as action initiation, execution and alteration, is recommended for the study of expertise behaviour in sport. It is predicted that lateralized readiness potential patterns will differ between experts and novice performers. Several hypotheses are derived, and paradigms suggested, to explore the 'covert processes' underlying expertise in the motor domain. 相似文献
19.
This study examined British young people's understanding of the rights of asylum-seeking young people. Two hundred sixty participants (11-24 years) were read vignettes involving asylum-seeking young people's religious and nonreligious self-determination and nurturance rights. Religious rights were more likely to be endorsed than nonreligious rights. In general, younger participants were more likely than older participants to endorse the rights of asylum-seeking young people. Supporting a social cognitive domain approach, patterns of reasoning varied with the type of right and whether scenarios involved religious or nonreligious issues. Few developmental differences were found regarding participants' reasoning about asylum-seeking young people's religious or nonreligious rights. The findings are discussed with reference to available theory and research on young people's conceptions of rights. 相似文献
20.
Richard C. Gershon Jerry Slotkin Jennifer J. Manly David L. Blitz Jennifer L. Beaumont Deborah Schnipke Kathleen Wallner‐Allen Roberta Michnick Golinkoff Jean Berko Gleason Kathy Hirsh‐Pasek Marilyn Jager Adams Sandra Weintraub 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2013,78(4):49-69