Waking up to shell shock: psychiatry in the US military during World War II     

Pols H 《Endeavour》2006,30(4):144-149

During World War I, military officers encountered a new and puzzling phenomenon: soldiers emerged from the trenches stuttering, crying, trembling and at times were even paralysed and blind. Those in charge were convinced these soldiers were cowards or malingerers who deserved stern discipline or to be court-martialled. A number of physicians, by contrast, initially assumed that these alarming symptoms resulted from close exposure to explosions and called it shell shock. Later, they realized that it was a psychological reaction and came up with psychotherapeutic treatments. But it was only in World War II that military psychiatrists, particularly those in the USA, began to implement treatment methods for this phenomenon in a systematic way. Their thinking and the treatments they devised had significant consequences for the future of American psychiatry, which in turn influenced the development of psychiatry and military psychiatry world-wide.  相似文献   

International Approaches to Whole-of-School Physical Activity Promotion     

Jaimie McMullen  Déirdre Ní Chróinín  Tuija Tammelin  Małgorzata Pogorzelska  Hans van der Mars 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2015,67(4):384-399

Increasing physical activity opportunities in schools has emerged as a global priority among school-aged youth. As a result, many countries have designed and implemented whole-of-school physical activity initiatives that seek to increase physical activity opportunities that are available to school-aged children before, during, and after school. Considering the comprehensive school physical activity program conceptual framework, this article includes a discussion of the initiatives from four countries: Finland (Finnish Schools on the Move), Ireland (Active School Flag), Poland (PE with Class), and the United States (Let’s Move Active Schools). Background information, implementation strategies, best practices, development opportunities, and relevant research from each country will be presented. Exploring different perspectives sheds some light on the international landscape relative to whole-of-school physical activity promotion and provides direction for future and continued research and practice.  相似文献   

THE RELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ MATH AND READING ABILITY AND THEIR MATHEMATICS,PHYSICS, AND CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION GRADES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION     

Hanke Korpershoek  Hans Kuyper  Greetje van der Werf 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(5):1013-1037

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Niels Bukh's Gymnastics School in Denmark, 1912–1933: Gymnastics,Erotics, and Male Bonding     

Hans Bonde 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(6):800-814

Around 1916–1917 the Danish gymnastics pedagogue Niels Bukh (1880–1950) created, in an international sense, a revolutionary men's gymnastics, and in 1920 he established Denmark's and the world's first folk high school of physical education and sport. During the 1930s, Niels Bukh and his team of gymnasts first became a symbol for the dynamic Danish farming community, and then for the face of Denmark both at home and abroad. Bukh changed the stereotypical male expression of bodily dynamics, which in Danish rural gymnastics had been almost military. He made it legitimate for the young lads to get in close physical contact and to work in pairs in order to create beautiful masculine gymnastic choreographies. Within the aesthetic history of masculinity, it has often been male homosexual aestheticians, designers, musicians, dancers, and so on who have opened new avenues for the expression of male emotion, which was a trademark of Bukh's achievements, too.  相似文献   

Information management for investigation and prevention of white-collar crime     

Petter Gottschalk  Cathrine FilstadRune Glomseth  Hans Solli-Sæther 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):226-233

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by upper class members of society for personal or organizational gain. White-collar criminals are individuals who tend to be wealthy, highly educated, and socially connected, and they are typically employed by and in legitimate organizations. This article presents a stage of growth model for knowledge management systems to support investigation and prevention of white-collar crime in business organizations. The four stages are labelled investigator-to-technology, investigator-to-investigator, investigator-to-information and investigator-to-application, respectively.  相似文献   

What Can Teacher Educators Do About Teachers’ Non Verbal Behaviours? Some Guidelines From Research     

Richard Tisher  Hans Gerhard Klinzing 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》1985,13(2):1-8

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KILLER AND VICTIM ISSUES: ISSUE COMPETITION IN THE AGENDA-SETTING PROCESS OF GERMAN TELEVISION     

Hans-Bernd  Brosius; Mathias Hans  Kepplinger 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1995,7(3):211-231

The capacity of the mass media to cover issues as well as thecapacity of recipients to be concerned about issues is limited.The coverage on and the concern about new issues will consequentlyremove old issues from the agenda of both the mass media andthe general public. The present study investigates two modelsof this process of issue competition. The equal-displacementmodel assumes that a rise of one issue in the media by a givennumber of stories is matched by an equal fall in all other issuessumming up to a similar number of issues. The restructuringmodel assumes that unexpected, surprising or otherwise newsworthyevents create killer issues that move several other issues completelyoff the agenda and leave others untouched. A content analysisof all news shows of the two major TV stations in Germany and53 weekly surveys regarding 16 different issues covering thewhole year 1986 shows that—within the media agenda—therewere no killer issues affecting the coverage of the TV stations.In the public agenda, however, some killer issues could be identified.Coverage of these issues increased public concern about themand decreased concerns about other issues. Consequences of theseresults for agenda-setting theory and for politics are discussed.  相似文献   

Book review     

Peter Hilton  Hans Freudenthal  W. Dörfler 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1982,13(2):223-232

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OPINION FORMATION IN MEDIATED CONFLICTS AND CRISES: A THEORY OF COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE MEDIA EFFECTS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kepplinger  Hans Mathias; Brosius  Hans-Bernd; Staab  Joachim Friedrich 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1991,3(2):132-156

This paper analyzes opinion formation in the cases of threemediated conflicts using a complex model that evaluates therespondents' value systems, the coverage of the mass media used,the recipients' familiarity with specific events occurring inthe conflicts, and their positions on the issues. The modelpredicts that the recipients' long-term value systems influencetheir positions on the issue in two ways. Firstly, value systemshave a direct impact on the short-term positions on an issue.Secondly, value systems have an indirect impact on the positionsof issues by influencing the recipients' selection of news mediaand thus the type and amount of news information they are exposedto. The type and amount of news influences how knowledgeablethey are of the events related to the conflicts. The familiaritywith these events influences their positions on the issues.Value systems, media usage, familiarity and positions on theissues were measured in a survey. A parallel content analysisexamined the coverage of the conflicts in the German mass media(press, radio, television) during the six-month time frame priorto the survey. Both data sets were merged in order to give anestimate of the information each recipient was exposed to. Theresults of multiple regression analyses support the theoreticalmodel. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relevance of themodel for the analysis of opinion formation as well as the limitationsof the model.  相似文献   

A Changed School and Educational Culture: job orientation and teacher satisfaction at Gesamtschulen in the state of Hessen,West Germany—some international comparisons     

Hans‐Joachim Lissmann  Ralf Gigerich 《比较教育学》1990,26(2-3):277-281

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