Within-Document Retrieval: A User-Centred Evaluation of Relevance Profiling     

David J. Harper  Ivan Koychev  Yixing Sun  Iain Pirie 《Information Retrieval》2004,7(3-4):265-290

We present a user-centred, task-oriented, comparative evaluation of two within-document retrieval tools. ProfileSkim computes a relevance profile for a document with respect to a query, and presents the profile as an interactive bar graph. FindSkim provides similar functionality to the web browser “Find” command. A novel simulated work task was devised, where participants are asked to identify (index) relevant pages of an electronic book, given topics from the existing book index. The original book index provides the ground truth, against which the indexing results of the participants can be compared. We confirmed a major hypothesis, namely ProfileSkim proved significantly more efficient than Find-Skim, as measured by time for task. The study indicates that ProfileSkim was as least as effective as FindSkim in identifying relevant pages, as measured by traditional information retrieval measures, and there is some evidence that ProfileSkim is a precision-enhancing tool. Based on qualitative data from questionnaires, we also provide strong evidence to support our conjecture that the participants would be more satisfied when using ProfileSkim than FindSkim. The experimental study confirmed the potential of relevance profiling for improving within-document retrieval. Relevance profiling should prove highly beneficial for users trying to identify relevant information within long documents.  相似文献   

Soccer penalty takers' uniform colour and pre-penalty kick gaze affect the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Greenlees I  Leyland A  Thelwell R  Filby W 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(6):569-576

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Differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners at equal and maximal speeds     

Bushnell T  Hunter I 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):261-268

In the finishing kick of a distance race, maximizing speed becomes the focus even if economy may be sacrificed. If distance runners knew how to alter their technique to become more sprint-like, this process could be more successful. In this study, we compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners while running at equal and maximal speeds. Athletes consisted of 10 Division I distance runners, 10 Division I sprinters, and 10 healthy non-runners. They performed two tests, each consisting of a 60-m run on the track: Test 1 at a set pace of 5.81 m/s, while Test 2 was maximal speed. Video was collected at 180 Hz. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sprint and distance groups at maximal speeds were found in the following areas: speed, minimum hip angle, knee extension at toe-off, stride length, contact time, and recovery knee at touchdown. In Test 1, sprinters and distance runners displayed many of the same significant differences. The control group was similar to the distance group in both trials. As distance runners attempt to sprint, the desired adjustments do not necessarily occur. Distance runners may benefit from biomechanical interventions to improve running speed near the end of a race.  相似文献   

Dynamic behaviour of soils used for natural turf sports surfaces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Igor Guisasola  Iain James  Victoria Stiles  Sharon Dixon 《Sports Engineering》2010,12(3):111-122

The modulus and damping properties of soils in compression are a function of soil type, water content, stress history and loading rate. To model human–surface interaction with natural turf sports surfaces, stiffness and damping properties must be determined at dynamic loading rates. Two contrasting soil types, a Sand and a Clay Loam, commonly used in sports surfaces were loaded uniaxially to 2 kN at loading rates between 0.6 and 6 kN s⁻¹ in modified dynamic soil testing apparatus. Soils were compacted prior to loading but initial cycles resulted in viscoplastic deformation, with strain accumulation with repeated cycles of loading. Ultimately a resilient, viscoelastic steady-state equilibrium with loading was established. Resilient modulus and damping ratio varied with soil type, water content, stress history and increased significantly with loading rate. The resilient modulus of the Sand soil, typical of modern free-draining sand construction natural turf sports surfaces, was significantly greater than that of a Clay Loam soil more characteristic of traditional natural turf surfaces; reducing water content caused an increase in modulus and a decrease in damping ratio in the Clay Loam soil. Determination of these properties provides initial data for the modelling natural turf surface behaviour in terms of both ball and human interactions, with further research required to determine the effect of both grass roots and leaves on mechanical behaviour.  相似文献   

Seeking to institutionally embed lessons from a funded project: Experiences from the Digital Libraries in the Classroom Spoken Word project at Glasgow Caledonian University     

David Donald  Iain Wallace 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2007,38(5):829-839

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Protracted Intrusive Research in Schools: why us?     

John Todman  Iain Crombie  Jean Keighren 《Educational studies》1990,16(2):141-149

A case study of a lengthy and potentially disruptive experimental research project is used to examine ways in which the interests of researchers and schools may be reconciled. Attention is drawn particularly to the importance of joint recognition of the legitimacy of both sets of objectives. The pivotal role of a research assistant/teacher in facilitating sensitive and flexible responses to problems confronting both the research project and the school is discussed. Unexpected social benefits to the school arising from our implementation of the research assistant/teacher role are described.  相似文献   

Educational Differentiation and Curricular Guidance: a review     

Iain Smith 《Educational studies》1981,7(2):87-94

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A Probability Matching Approach to Further Education/Higher Education Transition in Scotland     

Michael Osborne  Iain McLaurin 《Higher Education》2006,52(1):149-183

As part of the impetus to increase and widen participation in the UK, and in Scotland in particular, there has been considerable effort put into creating links between Further Education Colleges (FECs) and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). However, because no unique identifier is used to track students between the two sectors, little is known in quantitative terms of the nature of this progression. In this article using substantial datasets, and an approach known as Probability Matching, we are able to provide novel data on the proportions of Scottish domiciled former FEC students within Scottish HEIs, and are able to compare the characteristics of this subset of all students with the whole cohort within HE in a given year, 1999–2000.  相似文献   

Health‐related Fitness in Secondary School Physical Education: a descriptive‐analytic study     

Matthew D. Curtner‐Smith  Weiyun Chen  Iain G. Kerr 《Educational studies》1995,21(1):55-66

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The Role of Social Support in Moderating the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Willingness to Seek Psychological Help Among Black and Latino College Students     

Madonna G. Constantine  Leo Wilton  Leon D. Caldwell 《Journal of College Counseling》2003,6(2):155-165

This study examined the role of social support in moderating the relationship between psychological distress and willingness to seek psychological help in 158 Black and Latino college students from a large, predominantly White university. The authors found that a social support network served as a significant moderator for Black college students but not for their Latino counterparts. Implications of the findings are presented.  相似文献