An Entity Theory of Intelligence Predicts Higher Cortisol Levels When High School Grades Are Declining     

Hae Yeon Lee  Jeremy P. Jamieson  Adriana S. Miu  Robert A. Josephs  David S. Yeager 《Child development》2019,90(6):e849-e867

Grades often decline during the high school transition, creating stress. The present research integrates the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat with the implicit theories model to understand who shows maladaptive stress responses. A diary study measured declines in grades in the first few months of high school: salivary cortisol (N = 360 students, N = 3,045 observations) and daily stress appraisals (N = 499 students, N = 3,854 observations). Students who reported an entity theory of intelligence (i.e., the belief that intelligence is fixed) showed higher cortisol when grades were declining. Moreover, daily academic stressors showed a different lingering effect on the next day's cortisol for those with different implicit theories. Findings support a process model through which beliefs affect biological stress responses during difficult adolescent transitions.  相似文献   

The mediating role of intention and stages of change in physical activity among adults with physical disabilities: an integrative framework     

Kosma M  Ellis R  Cardinal BJ  Bauer JJ  McCubbin JA 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(1):21-38

The study's purpose was to identify the mediating role of intention and the stages of change (SOC) in physical activity (PA) over a 6-month period using two models (theory of planned behavior [TPB] and TPB/SOC). Participants were 143 adults with physical disabilities (70.68% response rate; M age = 46.03). The TPB constructs, SOC (time 1), and PA (time 2) were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires. Based on path analyses, attitude had the highest effect on intention and SOC followed by perceived behavioral control within both well-fit models. The variance in PA explained by the first (TPB) and second (TPB/SOC) models was 16% and 28% respectively. In the just identified model of TPB/SOC, the direct effect of SOC on physical activity remained strong (gamma(soc.pa) = .45) and SOC approached full mediation through attitude. Health promotion interventions need to include both intention and behavior elements (SOC) reinforcing increased PA value and barrier elimination.  相似文献   

The oxygen-conserving potential of the diving response: A kinetic-based analysis     

Guillaume Costalat  Jeremy Coquart  Ingrid Castres  Fabrice Joulia  Olivier Sirost  Eric Clua 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(7):678-687

We investigated the oxygen-conserving potential of the human diving response by comparing trained breath-hold divers (BHDs) to non-divers (NDs) during simulated dynamic breath-holding (BH). Changes in haemodynamics [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO)] and peripheral muscle oxygenation [oxyhaemoglobin ([HbO₂]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]), total haemoglobin ([tHb]), tissue saturation index (TSI)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were continuously recorded during simulated dynamic BH. BHDs showed a breaking point in HR kinetics at mid-BH immediately preceding a more pronounced drop in HR (?0.86 bpm.%^?1) while HR kinetics in NDs steadily decreased throughout BH (?0.47 bpm.%^?1). By contrast, SV remained unchanged during BH in both groups (all P > 0.05). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) results (mean ± SD) expressed as percentage changes from the initial values showed a lower [HHb] increase for BHDs than for NDs at the cessation of BH (+24.0 ± 10.1 vs. +39.2 ± 9.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). As a result, BHDs showed a [tHb] drop that NDs did not at the end of BH (?7.3 ± 3.2 vs. ?3.0 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The most striking finding of the present study was that BHDs presented an increase in oxygen-conserving efficiency due to substantial shifts in both cardiac and peripheral haemodynamics during simulated BH. In addition, the kinetic-based approach we used provides further credence to the concept of an “oxygen-conserving breaking point” in the human diving response.  相似文献   

Anti-Market Research: Piracy,New Media Metrics,and Commodity Communities     

Jeremy Wade Morris 《Popular Communication》2015,13(1):32-44

Over a decade after Napster’s introduction, file sharing programs still shoulder much of the blame for music and other media’s declining sales. Although labels and industry associations point their fingers at the harm digital piracy and file-sharing cause, they are less likely to admit the extent to which these anti-markets inform everyday decisions. File-sharing technologies create networks of users that serve as profitable data for ratings and metrics agencies. Using a case study of BigChampagne and its relationship to Napster, this article considers how the look, structure, and function of file-sharing software helped turn an economically threatening community into a commodity and how piracy’s disruptive potential is always in tension with processes of commodification.  相似文献   

Assertive Discipline and the 1997 Education White Paper: a reply to Rigoni and Walford     

Richard Melling  Jeremy Swinson 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(4):575-579

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Portrayal Approach to Curriculum Evaluation     

Barry J. Fraser 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(4):364-367

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Digital information evolution: the AIDS Library experience     

Fraser A  Pierce JB  Scipio R 《Medical reference services quarterly》1999,18(3):15-27

The AIDS Library evolved out of consumer health activism in response to the need for the latest HIV information, materials, and technology. In 1998, staff implemented a microcomputer-based integrated automated library system with Web publishing capability to link catalogs, databases of Philadelphia regional services, online publications, and fact sheets. The Web site, , became "live" December 1, 1998. History leading to its development and future plans are presented.  相似文献   

Ironic processing and static balance performance in high-expertise performers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dugdale JR  Eklund RC 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(3):348-352

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POLLING AS A MEANS TOWARD PRESIDENTIAL AUTONOMY: EMIL HURJA, HADLEY CANTRIL AND THE ROOSEVELT ADMINISTRATION     

Eisinger  Robert M.; Brown  Jeremy 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1998,10(3):237-256

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Truth,beauty, and counting     

Jeremy Gray 《Metascience》2010,19(2):211-212

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