Making PCK Explicit—Capturing Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in the Science Classroom     

Pernilla Nilsson  Anna Vikström 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(17):2836-2857

One way for teachers to develop their professional knowledge, which also focuses on specific science content and the ways students learn, is through being involved in researching their own practice. The aim of this study was to examine how science teachers changed (or not) their professional knowledge of teaching after inquiring into their own teaching in learning studies. The data used in this article consisted of interviews and video-recorded lessons from the six teachers before the project (PCK pre-test) and after the project (PCK post-test), allowing an analysis of if and if then how the teachers changed their teaching practice. Hence, this study responds to the urgent call to focus direct attention on the practice of science teaching. When looking at the individual teachers, it was possible to discern similarities in the ways they have changed their teaching in lesson 2 compared to lesson 1, changes that can be described as: changes in how the object of learning was defined and focused, changes in how the examples that were presented to the students were chosen and changes in how the lessons were structured which in turn influenced the meaning of the concepts that were dealt with. As such, issues for enhancing teachers’ professional learning were unpacked in ways that began to demonstrate, and offer insights into, the extent of their PCK development over time.  相似文献   

Internet Based Activities (IBAs): Seniors' Experiences of the Conditions Required for the Performance of and the Influence of these Conditions on their Own Participation in Society     

Ellinor Larsson  Maria Larsson-Lund  Ingeborg Nilsson 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(3):155-167

The digital gap is a threat to the participation of senior citizens in society, as a large proportion of seniors are not involved in Internet based activities (IBAs). To be able to overcome this disadvantage for seniors, there is a need to both learn more about the conditions that make seniors start performing IBAs and to be able to provide them with the most beneficial professional interventions. The aim of this study was to explore and describe seniors' experiences with IBAs. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 seniors (aged: 66–82 years) with a variety of experiences with IBAs, and the interviews were analyzed with the constant comparative method. The results reveal three categories that describe the experiences of the established performers, the new performers of IBAs in the process of starting out, and the nonperformers. The variations in performance were influenced by the meaning that the performance of IBAs had for the seniors. In addition, the seniors were affected by several other conditions—such as the support available in their environment, including access to knowledge—as this could encourage them to develop their performance. Basic aspects, such as having access to a computer and to the Internet had been arranged for the performers of IBAs. The different ways of performing IBAs, revealed in the three categories, influenced how the seniors viewed their opportunities to participate in society. The conclusion highlights the finding that professionals should consider a multitude of conditions when introducing seniors to the performance of meaningful IBAs.  相似文献   

Public and Popular: British and Swedish Audience Trends in Factual and Reality Television     

Annette Hill  Lennart Weibull  Åsa Nilsson 《Cultural Trends》2007,16(1):17-41

The research in this article examines audience responses to a range of factual and reality genres. It takes as a starting point that television audiences do not experience news or documentary or reality TV in isolation but as part of a range of factual and reality programmes. Factual and reality programming includes a broad understanding of non-fictional programming on broadcast television, satellite, cable and digital television. The breakdown of factual and reality programming into specific genres includes news, current affairs, documentary, and reality programmes, with further sub genres applied within each of these categories. This article critically examines genre evaluation. The quantitative research in this article is based on two national representative surveys conducted in Britain and Sweden. In both Britain and Sweden, programme makers have moved towards a reliance on popular factual genres. In Britain this is across all channels, and in Sweden this is mainly concentrated on commercial channels. Whilst there is still a commitment to news, there is an increasing use of hybrid genres in an attempt to popularise factual output. The impact of this changing generic environment on audiences is that in both countries viewers have reacted by drawing a line between traditional and contemporary factual genres. It is precisely because of the redrawing of the factual map that viewers rely on traditional ways of evaluating genres as public and informative, or popular and entertaining. The data provides evidence that contributes to existing debate on television genre, public service broadcasting, and media literacy skills. The central argument in this article is that genre evaluation is connected with wider socio-cultural discourses on public service broadcasting and popular culture, and that these are common social and cultural values that are shared by national audiences in two Northern European countries.  相似文献   

Hierarchical Clustering Using Non-Greedy Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Martin Nilsson 《Information Retrieval》2002,5(4):311-321

We present a non-greedy version of the recently published Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP) algorithm. The PDDP algorithm creates a hierarchical taxonomy of a data set by successively splitting the data into sub-clusters. At each level the cluster with largest variance is split by a hyper-plane orthogonal to its leading principal component. The PDDP algorithm is known to produce high quality clusters, especially when applied to high dimensional data, such as document-word feature matrices. It also scales well with both the size and the dimensionality of the data set. However, at each level only the locally optimal choice of spitting is considered. At a later stage this often leads to a non-optimal global partitioning of the data. The non-greedy version of the PDDP algorithm (NGPDDP) presented in this paper address this problem. At each level multiple alternative splitting strategies are considered. Results from applying the algorithm to generated and real data (feature vectors from sets of text documents) are presented. The results show substantial improvements in the cluster quality.  相似文献   

“You Have to Know Why”: The Influence of Different Curricula on Nursing Students' Perceptions of Nursing     

Angelica Fredholm Nilsson  Charlotte Silén 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(6):631-642

The need in modern healthcare for professionals who are self‐directed and autonomous has increased in recent decades. Problem‐based learning is spreading in nursing education as one strategy for meeting these demands. This article deals with the relationship between the design and execution of nursing education curricula and students' understanding of nursing. The aim of the study was to examine nursing students' perceptions of nursing, comparing a problem‐based curriculum to a conventional curriculum. Students were asked to write narratives about nursing. Forty‐three narratives were analyzed using the phenomenological hermeneutic method. Differences between the two groups were found in terms of both structure and content. Problem‐based learning students stressed more the theoretical aspects of nursing. The study shows that educational design might be of great importance to how students understand nursing. Extensive research is needed to further explore the findings, especially related to clinical practice following graduation.  相似文献   

Religion and youth     

Daniel Nilsson DeHanas 《British Journal of Religious Education》2013,35(1):110-112

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Acute effects of whole-body vibration on running gait in marathon runners     

Johnny Padulo  Davide Filingeri  Karim Chamari  Gian Mario Migliaccio  Giuseppe Calcagno  Gerardo Bosco 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1120-1126

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of whole-body vibration (WBV) on running gait. The running kinematic of sixteen male marathon runners was assessed on a treadmill at iso-efficiency speed after 10 min of WBV and SHAM (i.e. no WBV) conditions. A high-speed camera (210 Hz) was used for the video analysis and heart rate (HR) was also monitored. The following parameters were investigated: step length (SL), flight time (FT), step frequency (SF), contact time (CT), HR and the internal work (W_INT). Full-within one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the randomised crossover design indicated that when compared to SHAM conditions, WBV decreased the SL and the FT by ~4% (P < 0.0001) and ~7.2% (P < 0.001), respectively, and increased the SF ~4% (P < 0.0001) while the CT was not changed. This effect occurred during the first minute of running: the SL decreased ~3.5% (P < 0.001) and SF increased ~3.3% (P < 0.001). During the second minute the SL decreased ~1.2% (P = 0.017) and the SF increased ~1.1% (P = 0.02). From the third minute onwards, there was a return to the pre-vibration condition. The W_INT was increased by ~4% (P < 0.0001) during the WBV condition. Ten minutes of WBV produced a significant alteration of the running kinematics during the first minutes post exposure. These results provide insights on the effects of WBV on the central components controlling muscle function.  相似文献   

The role of cultural heritage in attracting skilled individuals     

Mikaela Backman  Pia Nilsson 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2018,42(1):111-138

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role played by built heritages and cultural environments, alongside other locational factors, in explaining the growth of human capital in Sweden. We distinguish between urban, natural and cultural qualities as different sources of regional attractiveness and estimate their influence on the observed growth of individuals with at least three years of higher education during 2001–2010. Neighborhood-level data are used, and unobserved heterogeneity and spatial dependencies are modeled by employing random effects estimations and an instrumental variable approach. Our findings indicate that the local supply of built heritages and cultural environments explain a significant part of human capital growth in Sweden. Results suggest that these types of cultural heritages are important place-based resources with a potential to contribute to improved regional attractiveness and growth.  相似文献   

Fishing for answers: Couples living with dementia managing trouble with recollection     

Elin Nilsson 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(2):73-88

Dementia affects cognitive abilities in several ways, memory dysfunction being one of the most common symptoms. Not only does this have implications for the individual diagnosed with dementia, but also for the life shared with others. Spouses in couples share memories and experiences that make up an extensive common ground that constitutes the basis for their interaction. From video-recorded interviews with 12 couples in which one of the spouses is diagnosed with dementia, this study focuses on instances where the spouse with dementia is unable to recollect information that she is presupposed to know, so-called type-1 knowable. Conversation Analysis is used to analyze how the spouses in interaction manage this problem. Two conclusions are argued for: (a) different expectations of what is, or should be, in common ground may cause communicative problems and distress, and (b) spouses without dementia may use fishing techniques as a way of managing problems regarding recalling knowledge. These techniques do not necessarily enable the person with dementia to recall the information; on the contrary they may cause embarrassment for the person with dementia. By adopting a we-perspective approach to service provision, social workers can make a difference for couples and families living with dementia.  相似文献   

Democracy Plaza: A Campus Space for Civic Engagement     

Johnny Goldfinger 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(2):69-77

This article examines “Democracy Plaza,” a campus space dedicated to written and spoken communication about issues of public concern. The Plaza gives students opportunities to become civically engaged through self-expression and the exchange of ideas. A series of chalkboards on the Plaza allows them to write their thoughts and read the comments of others, and events where students can speak and deliberate about important civic matters are hosted in this space. This article discusses the concept of Democracy Plaza and its development, maintenance, and utilization as a campus space for civic engagement. Johnny Goldfinger is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis. He received a B.S.Ch.E. and B.A. from the University of South Alabama, the M.A. in political science from the University of New Orleans, and the Ph.D. in political science from Duke University. His research interests include political deliberation, democratic decision-making, and civic engagement.  相似文献