Recent Legal and Programmatic Developments in the Education of the Handicapped in Massachusetts     

Stanley Scarpati  Louis Fischer 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1):66-70

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Measuring scientific reasoning – a review of test instruments     

Ansgar Opitz  Moritz Heene  Frank Fischer 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2017,23(3-4):78-101

Education systems increasingly emphasize the importance of scientific reasoning skills such as generating hypotheses and evaluating evidence. Despite this importance, we do not know which tests of scientific reasoning exist, which skills they emphasize, how they conceptualize scientific reasoning, and how well they are evaluated. Therefore, this article reviews 38 scientific reasoning tests. They used to primarily consist of multiple-choice questions, but since then have become more diverse, even including tests that automatically analyse virtual experiments. Furthermore, this review revealed that the tests focus on the skills of generating hypotheses, generating evidence, evaluating evidence, and drawing conclusions. Additionally, conceptualizations of scientific reasoning have moved towards a domain-specific set of different but coordinated skills over the years. Finally, concluding from gaps in test evaluation, a future focus should be on testing theoretical assumptions, comparing different scientific reasoning tests, and how relevant test results are in predicting criterion variables like academic performance.  相似文献   

‘A Glance from God’: Zadie Smith's On Beauty and Zora Neale Hurston1     

Susan Alice Fischer 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2007,14(3):285-297

Zadie Smith's most recent novel, On Beauty (2005 Smith, Z. 2005. On Beauty, London and New York: Penguin.  [Google Scholar]), declares its connection to E. M. Forster's Howards End (1910 Forster, E. M. 1910. Howards End, London: Edward Arnold.  [Google Scholar]) with its first line, while the novel's title comes from Elaine Scarry's On Beauty and Being Just (1999 Scarry, E. 1999. On Beauty and Being Just, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.  [Google Scholar]). At least as important for understanding Smith's central vision are the novel's allusions to Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937 Hurston, Z. N. 1987. Their Eyes Were Watching God, London: Virago Modern Classics.  [Google Scholar]) and Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938 Hurston, Z. N. 1990. Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica, New York: Perennial Library.  [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

Investigation of the Germination of Barley and Wheat Grains with a Design of Experiments for the Production of Hydrolases     

Bertolt Kranz  Milena Koch  Matthias Schapfl  Lutz Fischer 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2015,53(2):127-135

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Editorial     

Susan Alice Fischer 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2010,17(4)

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Electroencephalographic Coherence and Learning: Distinct Patterns of Change During Word Learning and Figure Learning Tasks     

Peter Collins  Michael Hogan  Liam Kilmartin  Michael Keane  Jochen Kaiser  Kurt Fischer 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(4):208-218

One likely mechanism in learning new skills is change in synchronous connections between distributed neural networks, which can be measured by coherence analysis of electroencephalographic patterns. This study examined coherence changes during the learning of two tasks, a word association task and a figure association task. Although learning curves were similar for both tasks, distinct patterns of coherence change were observed. Coherence tended to increase as learning progressed in the figure association task. In contrast, coherence tended to decrease in the word association task, especially within hemisphere. Word learning was coupled with negative intrahemispheric and positive interhemispheric performance–coherence relations in the gamma frequency. Unique to the figure learning task was an increase in the number of positive coherence–performance relations in both delta and theta frequencies across blocks. Results are discussed in light of ongoing efforts to identify the mechanisms that coordinate distributed brain activities during the process of learning. Further research is needed to define patterns of coherence change for different tasks, goals, and brain regions.  相似文献   

Publicly funded business advisory services and entrepreneurial outcomes     

Douglas J. Cumming  Eileen Fischer 《Research Policy》2012,41(2):467-481

Given the mixed evidence for the impact of various publicly funded initiatives that aim to foster entrepreneurial activity, this paper empirically examines the efficacy of publicly funded business advisory services in relation to entrepreneurial outcomes. Based on a sample of 228 early-stage firms, of which 101 used business advisory services focused on helping companies secure 1st rounds of financing and start generating revenues, we examine the firm-level impact such services can have on sales growth, innovation, finance and alliances. We find services are positively associated with firms’ sales growth, patents, finance and alliances. We assess statistical and economic significance, and assess robustness to controls for the non-randomness of the firm's using business advisory service program, as well as endogeneity of advisors’ hours spent with firms. Other robustness checks are also included. We find significant robustness of hours spent on sales and finance, but sensitivity of the effect of hours on patents and alliances after controlling for endogeneity.  相似文献   

Internationalising the content of higher education: the need for a curriculum perspective     

Lennart Svensson  Monne Wihlborg 《Higher Education》2010,60(6):595-613

Internationalisation of higher education is a strategic theme in current research on higher education and policy debate. Both at national and institutional levels, in many countries, internationalisation is stated to be an educational goal. However, the dominant discourse on internationalisation of higher education in research and research-based discussions tends to be framed by political, economic and organisational perspectives, rather than informed by educational considerations. There is also a tendency to place internationalisation in higher education within the conceptual frame of economic globalisation and the increasing trade in educational services worldwide. While such discussions may shed light on various organisational, political or economic issues, this research does not give a pedagogical basis for the internationalisation of higher education in terms of teaching and learning. In particular, questions relating to the internationalisation of content and learning outcomes need to be addressed. A series of studies conducted in Sweden 1999–2007 by the authors indicates that the didactical realisation of internationalisation as an educational goal can be very elusive. In our findings, the concrete content considered by teachers and students to represent internationalisation did not follow any clear pattern or goal. Internationalisation was assumed to be represented by some form of ‘general knowledge’ and general human qualities, without considering cultural differences. Institutionalised curriculum thinking as a basis for developing internationalisation was lacking. Concrete thinking was very much restricted to organisational and administrative aspects, and thoughts concerning content and learning outcomes tended to be expressed in idealised and general terms, rather than developed into clarifying and useful specifications underpinned by curriculum theory. Certain consequences ensuing from this situation are discussed, and a curriculum approach to internationalisation of higher education is suggested.  相似文献   

Kontinuität und Innovation     

J. Fischer  G. Doll-Tepper  Prof. Dr. B. Strauß 《Sportwissenschaft》2009,39(1):4-4

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A new method for recording the temporal pattern of stride during treadmill running     

Lennart Gullstrand  Johnny Nilsson 《Sports Engineering》2009,11(4):195-200

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a new infrared light based method (IR₄₀) for recording temporal stride patterns during treadmill running. The IR₄₀ device, emitting a tight web of 40 infrared light beams 10 mm above the treadmill running surface, was compared to a previously validated electro-pneumatic contact shoe (CS) method while nine well-trained athletes ran at 2.8, 3.3, 3.9, 4.4, 5.0, and 5.6 m s⁻¹. Disconnection and reconnection of the IR beams marked the stance phase. The sampling rate was 500 Hz for both methods. The stance phase duration was on average 11.5 (±8.4) ms longer with the IR₄₀ than with the CS depending on earlier touch down (8.3 ± 6.2 ms) and delayed toe off (3.2 ± 5.3 ms) registrations. Significantly different stance phases were recorded between all velocities and for both methods. Thus, despite the fact that the IR₄₀ systematically measured a somewhat longer stance phase duration than CS, the IR₄₀ is nonetheless useful for temporal stride analysis during treadmill running.  相似文献