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991.
992.
Relationship between leg stiffness and lower body injuries in professional Australian football 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Pruyn EC Watsford ML Murphy AJ Pine MJ Spurrs RW Cameron ML Johnston RJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):71-78
Leg stiffness is a modifiable mechanical property that may be related to soft tissue injury risk. The purpose of this study was to examine mean leg stiffness and bilateral differences in leg stiffness across an entire professional Australian Football League (AFL) season, and determine whether this parameter was related to the incidence of lower body soft tissue injury. The stiffness of the left and right legs of 39 professional AFL players (age 24.4 ± 4.4 years, body mass 87.4 ± 8.1 kg, stature 1.87 ± 0.07 m) was measured using a unilateral hopping test at least once per month throughout the season. Injury data were obtained directly from the head medical officer at the football club. Mean leg stiffness and bilateral differences in leg stiffness were compared between the injured and non-injured players. There was no difference between the season mean leg stiffness values for the injured (219.3 ± 16.1 N x m(-1) x kg(-1)) and non-injured (217.4 ± 14.9 N x m(-1) x kg(-1); P = 0.721) groups. The injured group (7.5 ± 3.0%) recorded a significantly higher season mean bilateral difference in leg stiffness than the non-injured group (5.5 ± 1.3%; P = 0.05). A relatively high bilateral difference in leg stiffness appears to be related to the incidence of soft tissue injury in Australian football players. This information is of particular importance to medical and conditioning staff across a variety of sports. 相似文献
993.
The anteromedial reach test (ART) is a new outcome measure for assessing dynamic knee stability in anterior cruciate ligament-injured patients. The effect of learning and leg length on distance reached in the ART was examined. Thirty-two healthy volunteers performed 15 trials of the ART on each leg. There was a moderate correlation (r = .44-.50) between reach distance and leg length, therefore reach distances were normalized for leg length. Normalized reach distance increased significantly over the 15 trials (p < .01), reaching a plateau after 8 trials, identified by a moving average graph. It is recommended that participants be afforded eight practice trials and that reach distances be normalized by expressing them as a percentage of leg length. 相似文献
994.
Kraft JA Green JM Bishop PA Richardson MT Neggers YH Leeper JD 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(2):282-292
This review examines the influence of dehydration on muscular strength and endurance and on single and repeated anaerobic sprint bouts. Describing hydration effects on anaerobic performance is difficult because various exercise modes are dominated by anaerobic energy pathways, but still contain inherent physiological differences. The critical level of water deficit (approximately 3-4%; mode dependent) affecting anaerobic performance is larger than the deficit (approximately 2%) impairing endurance performance. A critical performance-duration component (> 30 s) may also exist. Moderate dehydration (approximately 3% body weight; precise threshold depends on work/recovery ratio) impairs repeated anaerobic bouts, which place an increased demand on aerobic metabolism. Interactions between dehydration level, dehydration mode, testing mode, performance duration, and work/recovery ratio during repeated bouts make the dehydration threshold influencing anaerobic performance mode dependent. 相似文献
995.
As a unique type of community-based organisation (CBO), local sporting clubs are typically run by volunteers who regularly carry out the playing, coaching and administrative roles that keep them functioning. Through a case study involving a New Zealand hockey association, this article examines the extent to which sporting clubs use Internet applications by examining their use of email (for communications), club websites (for information provision) and online statistics (transactions). Rogers’ (2003) Innovation-Decision Process provides the theoretical framework for the study. 相似文献
996.
997.
Scott D. Grosse 《Child development》2010,81(1):200-211
Individuals with late-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) not detected by newborn screening but who followed dietary treatment for at least 12 months before 7 years of age have intelligence quotient (IQ) scores that range from severe impairment to the low-normal range. Among adults with late-treated PKU in California, 85% of those who were born from 1961 to 1978 had IQ scores of 70 or above. Longitudinal studies with repeated cognitive assessments often show average changes in cognitive test scores as high as 20–45 points. Although the severe cognitive impairment associated with untreated PKU can in many cases be partially reversed with dietary treatment, prompt initiation of treatment following newborn metabolic screening is essential for optimal development and the prevention of disability. 相似文献
998.
Thanh-Thanh Tieu S. Mark Pancer Michael W. Pratt Maxine Gallander Wintre Shelly Birnie-Lefcovitch Janet Polivy Gerald Adams 《Higher Education》2010,60(3):343-355
This study examined the nature of students’ out-of-class involvements with a view to identifying the kinds of involvement
that are most conducive to positive adjustment to university. Students from five Canadian universities completed questionnaires
in November of their first-year at university assessing the quality of their out-of-class involvements and the extent to which
such activities were structured (i.e., supervised, performed regularly, had a goal or purpose). Measures of adjustment to
university were administered in November and March of their first-year. Results indicated that the amount of structure present
in out-of-class activities was positively related to university adjustment. Activity quality was found to mediate the relationship
between activity structure and university adjustment; it seems that activities that are highly structured are related to more
positive outcomes because they tend to provide participants with a high-quality experience. Results are discussed in terms
of the transition to university, and first-year transition intervention programs. 相似文献
999.
This paper estimates changes in the effects of educational attainment and college quality on three cohorts of students observed during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Consistent with most of the prior literature, I find that educational attainment and college quality raise earnings, and the magnitudes of these effects have increased over time. The new contributions of this paper are the following: (1) changes in these effects are disaggregated by sex, race, and parent's SES, and include estimates of effects on earnings, labor force participation, family formation, and civic participation; (2) evidence of larger increases in the effects of education on earnings and labor force participation for men, Blacks, and Hispanics; (3) declining effects of educational attainment on voter registration; and (4) increasing effects of college quality on delaying marriage and childbearing, particularly for males. 相似文献
1000.
Mark Griffiths 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2010,26(1):35-40
Based on a significant increase in correspondence to the author from parents, teachers and psychologists concerning “addiction” to online video games like World of Warcraft, this paper provides a brief overview of the main issues surrounding excessive video game playing among adolescents. As an aid to educational psychologists, and based on two decades of the author’s own research in this area, this paper briefly overviews: (i) online gaming addictions, (ii) the differences between online and offline video gaming, and (iii) video gaming benefits. The paper ends with some practical advice that educational psychologists can give to parents about the safe playing of video games. 相似文献