Stereotypes and the Achievement Gap: Stereotype Threat Prior to Test Taking     

Markus Appel  Nicole Kronberger 《Educational Psychology Review》2012,24(4):609-635

Stereotype threat is known as a situational predicament that prevents members of negatively stereotyped groups to perform up to their full ability. This review shows that the detrimental influence of stereotype threat goes beyond test taking: It impairs stereotyped students to build abilities in the first place. Guided by current theory on stereotype threat processes and boundary conditions, this review integrates findings on test taking, disidentification, and learning. A new three-stage account of stereotype threat is proposed that includes stereotype threat effects on both ability and performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Neurophysiological correlates of interference control and response inhibition processes in children and adolescents engaging in open- and closed-skill sports     

Sebastian Ludyga  Manuel Mücke  Christian Andra  Markus Gerber  Uwe Pühse 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(2):224-233

Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that sports participation promotes the development of inhibitory control,but the influences of the sports category and inhibition type still remain unclear.The categorization of sports based on the open-skill(externally paced)and closed-skill(self-paced)continuum allows for the integration of the environment as a factor contributing to sports-related benefits for inhibitory control.Methods:Cross-sectional data from different studies were combined(n=184)to examine the association between open-and closed-skill sports and cognitive control processes related to interference control and response inhibition.Participants(aged 9-14 years)filled in 7-day physical activity recall protocols and completed a Stroop Color-Word or a Go/NoGo task.The N200,N450,and P300 components of event-related potentials elicited by these tasks were recorded using electroencephalography.Results:Partial correlations supported the belief that time spent in open-skill sports was related to higher performance on inhibition trials.Additionally,path analyses revealed an association between this sports type and a greater negativity in the N200 and N450 amplitudes in both the full sample and group-level analyses.In contrast,no relation was found between sports type and P300 amplitude.Conclusion:The findings suggest that only the engagement in open-skill sports is associated with more effective conflict monitoring and higher performance on tasks demanding inhibitory control.  相似文献   

Archives as networks: the geography of record-keeping in the Society of Jesus (1540–1773)     

Markus Friedrich 《Archival Science》2010,10(3):285-298

This paper examines the archives of a major Catholic order, the Society of Jesus. The quality and amount of Jesuit sources allows a very detailed reconstruction not only of how the archives were meant to function, but also of how they were used in daily life. While the Jesuits and their archives resemble many other early modern institutions, the wealth of documentation nevertheless makes them particularly suitable for a case study of early modern archival practice. The paper argues that the order consciously developed a network of archives that closely mirrored the institutional framework of the Jesuit bureaucracy. Ideally, smooth and swift movement of papers within this network was meant to provide easy access to relevant documents for users at all hierarchical levels. In reality, however, Jesuit record keeping remained far from this ideal. Papers were misplaced or simply got lost in the maze of archives.  相似文献   

Walk this way: validity evidence of iphone health application step count in laboratory and free-living conditions     

Markus J. Duncan  Kelly Wunderlich  Yingying Zhao  Guy Faulkner 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(15):1695-1704

Several attempts have been made to demonstrate the accuracy of the iPhone pedometer function in laboratory test conditions. However, no studies have attempted to evaluate evidence of convergent validity of the iPhone step counts as a surveillance tool in the field. This study takes a pragmatic approach to evaluating Health application derived iPhone step counts by measuring accuracy of a standardized criterion iPhone SE and a heterogeneous sample of participant owned iPhones (6 or newer) in a laboratory condition, as well as comparing personal iPhones to accelerometer derived steps in a free-living test. During lab tests, criterion and personal iPhones differed from manually counted steps by a mean bias of less than ±5% when walking at 5km/h, 7.5km/h and 10km/h on a treadmill, which is generally considered acceptable for pedometers. In the free-living condition steps differed by a mean bias of 21.5% or 1340 steps/day when averaged across observation days. Researchers should be cautioned in considering the use of iPhone models as a research grade pedometer for physical activity surveillance or evaluation, likely due to the iPhone not being continually carried by participants; if compliance can be maximized then the iPhone might be suitable.  相似文献   

Universities and the market     

Thomas A. Markus 《Higher Education Quarterly》1984,39(1):5-15

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Validity bites: comments and rejoinders     

Keith A. Markus 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2016,23(2):312-315

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The interplay between academic emotions,psychological flexibility and self-regulation as predictors of academic achievement     

Henna Asikainen  Telle Hailikari  Markus Mattsson 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2018,42(4):439-453

Research concerning students’ emotions as well as their way of coping with their emotions in different situations has been scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between self-regulated learning, academic emotions, psychological flexibility, study success and study pace during university-level studies. A total of 274 arts students participated in this study. Academic emotions were first explored with factor analyses, parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. The relationship between self-regulated learning, psychological flexibility, academic emotions and study success and study pace was analysed using Pearson’s correlations and path analysis using Amos. The results revealed that there is a strong connection between self-regulated learning and academic emotions and that students’ self-regulations appear to affect students’ emotions with regard to their academic study. Furthermore, psychological flexibility appeared to be an important mediator between academic emotions and study pace. The study suggests that students’ emotions and their way of coping with these emotions should be taken into account when considering learning and teaching.  相似文献   

Effects of different weight loss intervention programmes in health clubs – an observational multicenter study     

Markus Wanjek  Veit Senner  Friederike Scharhag-Rosenberger  Martin Halle 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):859-867

This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three lifestyle intervention programmes in health clubs “exercise only” (E), “exercise plus nutritional counselling” (E?+?NC), and “exercise plus weight loss program” (E?+?WLP) on weight loss under real-life conditions. An observational multicenter study including 788 overweight/obese new customers of 95 health clubs in Germany was performed. Participants chose E (n?=?512, 38?±?14?year, BMI 30.4?±?4.7?kg/m²), E?+?NC (n?=?179, 42?±?14?year, BMI 31.7?±?4.5?kg/m²), or E?+?WLP (n?=?97, 40?±?11?year, BMI 31.6?±?5.1?kg/m²). Anthropometric data, energy expenditure, and energy intake were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. All groups significantly reduced body weight (E: ?1.5?±?2.9?kg, E?+?NC: ?3.4?±?3.6?kg, E?+?WLP: ?5.5?±?4.3?kg, p?p?p?相似文献   

Does training with 3D videos improve decision-making in team invasion sports?     

Tanja Hohmann  Hilke Obelöer  Nele Schlapkohl  Markus Raab 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(8):746-755

We examined the effectiveness of video-based decision training in national youth handball teams. Extending previous research, we tested in Study 1 whether a three-dimensional (3D) video training group would outperform a two-dimensional (2D) group. In Study 2, a 3D training group was compared to a control group and a group trained with a traditional tactic board. In both studies, training duration was 6 weeks. Performance was measured in a pre- to post-retention design. The tests consisted of a decision-making task measuring quality of decisions (first and best option) and decision time (time for first and best option). The results of Study 1 showed learning effects and revealed that the 3D video group made faster first-option choices than the 2D group, but differences in the quality of options were not pronounced. The results of Study 2 revealed learning effects for both training groups compared to the control group, and faster choices in the 3D group compared to both other groups. Together, the results show that 3D video training is the most useful tool for improving choices in handball, but only in reference to decision time and not decision quality. We discuss the usefulness of a 3D video tool for training of decision-making skills outside the laboratory or gym.  相似文献   

Why do students from underprivileged families less often intend to study abroad?     

Markus Lörz  Nicolai Netz  Heiko Quast 《Higher Education》2016,72(2):153-174

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