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辽宁省既是散杂居少数民族大省,又是少数民族文化大省,拥有非常丰富的民族文化,尤其是少数民族非物质文化遗产。但就目前情况看,辽宁省少数民族非物质文化遗产保护情况不容乐观,许多项目后继无人、濒临灭绝。笔者认为,基于辽宁省基本省情和少数民族非物质文化遗产保护现状,当前有必要构建起我省少数民族非物质文化遗产保护法律体系。 相似文献
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A microfluidic platform for size-dependent generation of droplet interface bilayer networks on rails
Droplet interface bilayer (DIB) networks are emerging as a cornerstone technology for the bottom up construction of cell-like and tissue-like structures and bio-devices. They are an exciting and versatile model-membrane platform, seeing increasing use in the disciplines of synthetic biology, chemical biology, and membrane biophysics. DIBs are formed when lipid-coated water-in-oil droplets are brought together—oil is excluded from the interface, resulting in a bilayer. Perhaps the greatest feature of the DIB platform is the ability to generate bilayer networks by connecting multiple droplets together, which can in turn be used in applications ranging from tissue mimics, multicellular models, and bio-devices. For such applications, the construction and release of DIB networks of defined size and composition on-demand is crucial. We have developed a droplet-based microfluidic method for the generation of different sized DIB networks (300–1500 pl droplets) on-chip. We do this by employing a droplet-on-rails strategy where droplets are guided down designated paths of a chip with the aid of microfabricated grooves or “rails,” and droplets of set sizes are selectively directed to specific rails using auxiliary flows. In this way we can uniquely produce parallel bilayer networks of defined sizes. By trapping several droplets in a rail, extended DIB networks containing up to 20 sequential bilayers could be constructed. The trapped DIB arrays can be composed of different lipid types and can be released on-demand and regenerated within seconds. We show that chemical signals can be propagated across the bio-network by transplanting enzymatic reaction cascades for inter-droplet communication. 相似文献
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Education systems around the world need to recruit highly motivated individuals to become teachers and prepare professionally competent teacher education graduates to take up these broadened and deepened roles and responsibilities with a deep and lasting engagement to the profession. This article reports on a mixed-methods study that examines types of teaching motivation in relation to various facets of professional competence and planned engagement in future teaching. One hundred and thirty-two student teachers of a postgraduate diploma in education programme participated in the quantitative survey of whom seven were interviewed. The quantitative data analysis shows the positive association between ‘intrinsic–altruistic motivation constellation’ and selected facets of professional competence, with ‘intrinsic–multifaceted and stimulating job nature’ as the most distinctive type of teaching motivation. To complement the quantitative findings, the qualitative data analysis reveals two professional orientations of the ‘intrinsic–altruistic motivation constellation’, namely (1) student-centred orientation and (2) subject-centred orientation. In addition, three types of professional development aspirations are identified: ‘classroom engaged careerists’, ‘highly engaged persisters’ and ‘pessimists’. The study provides insights into the design of appropriate ITE practices to support professional learning in the light of student teachers’ motivations. It also suggests the importance of matching career opportunities and beginning teachers’ professional development aspirations and supporting ‘pessimists’ in the face of the stringent job market. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT In an attempt to stimulate informed and critical debate, the nature and pedagogical implications of ‘integrated education’ and the more recently proposed ‘inclusive education’ are examined, and an alternative model, described as ‘interactional education’, is proposed and evaluated. Because of the political and economic implications of these three approaches, it is suggested that the appropriate forum for discussion is one which is Pan‐European. 相似文献
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Y. Hirano 《Sports Engineering》2006,9(4):221-228
Time differences between medalists at Olympic or World Cup alpine ski races are often less than 0.01 s. One factor that could
affect these small differences is the line taken between the numerous gates passed through while speeding down the ski slope.
The determination of the ‘quickest line’ is therefore critical to winning races. In this study the quickest lines are calculated
by direct optimal control theory which converts an optimal control problem into a parameter optimization problem that is solved
using a nonlinear programming method. Specifically, the problem is described in terms of an objective function in which state
and control variables are implicitly involved. The objective function is the time between the starting point and finishing
gate, while state variables are positions of the ski-skier systems on a ski slope, rotational angles of skis, velocities,
and rotational velocity at a discrete time, i.e., a node. The control variable at each node is the skier-controlled edging
angle between the ski sole and snow surface. Equations of motion of the ski-skier system on a ski slope are numerically satisfied
at the midpoint between neighbouring nodes, and the original problem is converted into a nonlinear programming problem with
equality and inequality constraints. The problem is solved by the sequential quadratic programming method in which numerical
calculations are carried out using the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. Numerical calculations are presented to determine the
quickest lines of an uphill and a downhill ski turn with a starting point, first gate, and second gate (finish line) having
been successfully carried out. The quickest line through four gates could not be calculated due to numerical difficulty. Instead,
the descent line was respectively calculated for an uphill and downhill turn and simply added, giving a resultant time that
represents an upper bound. 相似文献