POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTRIBUTION, AND INFERRED INTEREST IN POLITICS: THE OPERATION OF BUFFER ITEMS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schwarz  Norbert; Schuman  Howard 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1997,9(2):191-195

Bishop (1987) observed that being unable to answer a politicalknowledge question decreased self-reported interest in publicaffairs. This effect was unaffected by the introduction of upto 101 unrelated buffer items. In contrast, a single bufferitem that provided respondents with an external explanationfor their lack of knowledge greatly reduced the context effectin the present study. Implications for the operation of bufferitems are discussed.  相似文献   

CONFIDENTIALITY ASSURANCES IN SURVEYS: REASSURANCE OR THREAT?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Singer  Eleanor; Hippler  Hans-Jurgen; Schwarz  Norbert 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1992,4(3):256-268

Over the last three decades, the public's willingness to takepart in surveys has gradually declined, and the decline hasbeen attributed in part to increasing concern about the confidentialityof the data requested. This paper reviews the early literaturebearing on confidentiality assurances and willingness to respond,and then reports on three experiments designed to investigatethe effects of confidentiality on the expectations of respondentsand on their willingness to take part in a survey. The resultsof all three experiments confirm our expectation that confidentialityassurances are not always perceived as reassuring, and do notnecessarily increase the public's willingness to respond.  相似文献   

Reform der Sportlehrer-Ausbildung     

Hans-Gert Artus  Norbert Baumann  Reiner Bussek  Hermann Gall  Hans Jensen  Christiane Müller  Konrad Stripp  Claus Tiedemann  Peter Weinberg  Clemens Menze 《Sportwissenschaft》1974,4(1):99-103

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Editorial: Social Networking and Mobile Learning     

Norbert Pachler  Maria Ranieri  Stefania Manca  John Cook 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2012,43(5):707-710

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The optimum clustering framework: implementing the cluster hypothesis     

Norbert?FuhrEmail author  Marc?Lechtenfeld  Benno?Stein  Tim?Gollub 《Information Retrieval》2012,15(2):93-115

Document clustering offers the potential of supporting users in interactive retrieval, especially when users have problems in specifying their information need precisely. In this paper, we present a theoretic foundation for optimum document clustering. Key idea is to base cluster analysis and evalutation on a set of queries, by defining documents as being similar if they are relevant to the same queries. Three components are essential within our optimum clustering framework, OCF: (1) a set of queries, (2) a probabilistic retrieval method, and (3) a document similarity metric. After introducing an appropriate validity measure, we define optimum clustering with respect to the estimates of the relevance probability for the query-document pairs under consideration. Moreover, we show that well-known clustering methods are implicitly based on the three components, but that they use heuristic design decisions for some of them. We argue that with our framework more targeted research for developing better document clustering methods becomes possible. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of our considerations.  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of the power generation of a ducted composite material marine current turbine     

Ji-feng WANG  Janusz PIECHNA  Norbert MuLER 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2013,14(1):25-30

In the hostile and highly corrosive marine environment,advanced composite materials can be used in marine current turbines due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and excellent resistance to corrosion.A composite material marine current turbine(CMMCT),which has significant advantages over traditional designs,has been developed and investigated numerically.A substantial improvement in turbine performance is achieved by placement of a duct to concentrate the energy.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) results show that the extracted power of a ducted CMMCT can be three to four times the power extracted by a bare turbine of the same turbine area.The results provide an insight into the hydrodynamic design and operation of a CMMCT used to shorten the design period and improve technical performance.  相似文献   

财政，政策与工业动力——电影产业中合拍现象的涌现     

Norbert Morawetz Jane Hardy Colin Haslam Keith Randle 《中国青年科技》2007,(12):64-64

本文对电影产业中日渐增多的跨国合作拍摄现象进行了探讨。我们认为，金融创新与制度创新造就了电影工业中的产业组织，合拍的出现则是它的延展。本文将电影金融作为风险分配机制的中心，依次讨论了合拍过程中政策支持、税收竞争增强、筹资与资金大量涌入等变化，是如何逐渐地提升电影产业发展的驱动力。  相似文献   

Multimedia: Differences in cognitive processes observed with EEG     

Ivan Gerě  Norbert Jaušcvec 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(3):5-14

This study investigated the cognitive processes involved in learning information presented in multimedia and text format using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. Thirty-eight students (19 gifted, and 19 average) learned material presented with text (text); text, sound, and picture (picture); and text, sound and video (video), while their EEG was recorded. Alpha power, which is inversely related to mental effort, was analyzed. For thetext presentation, the alpha power measures showed higher amplitudes (less mental activity) over the occipital and temporal lobes, and less alpha power (higher mental activity) over the frontal lobes. The results support the assumption that thevideo andpicture presentations induced visualization strategies, whereas thetext presentation mainly generated processes related to verbal processing. The results further showed that gifted students displayed less mental activity during all three formats of presentation. These differences were especially pronounced for thevideo format. No gender-related differences in EEG patterns related to the format of presentation were observed.  相似文献   

Pädagogik des Leistungssports     

Norbert Fessler 《Sportwissenschaft》2006,36(3):338-342

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Longitudinal monitoring of power output and heart rate profiles in elite cyclists     

Nimmerichter A  Eston RG  Bachl N  Williams C 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(8):831-840

Power output and heart rate were monitored for 11 months in one female (V(.)O(2max): 71.5 mL · kg?1 · min?1) and ten male (V(.)O(2max): 66.5 ± 7.1 mL · kg?1 · min?1) cyclists using SRM power-meters to quantify power output and heart rate distributions in an attempt to assess exercise intensity and to relate training variables to performance. In total, 1802 data sets were divided into workout categories according to training goals, and power output and heart rate intensity zones were calculated. The ratio of mean power output to respiratory compensation point power output was calculated as an intensity factor for each training session and for each interval during the training sessions. Variability of power output was calculated as a coefficient of variation. There was no difference in the distribution of power output and heart rate for the total season (P = 0.15). Significant differences were observed during high-intensity workouts (P < 0.001). Performance improvements across the season were related to low-cadence strength workouts (P < 0.05). The intensity factor for intervals was related to performance (P < 0.01). The variability in power output was inversely associated with performance (P < 0.01). Better performance by cyclists was characterized by lower variability in power output and higher exercise intensities during intervals.  相似文献