Human handedness in interactive situations: Negative perceptual frequency effects can be reversed!     

Schorer J  Loffing F  Hagemann N  Baker J 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(5):507-513

Left-handed performers seem to enjoy an advantage in interactive sports. Researchers suggest this is predominantly due to the relative scarcity of left-handers compared with right-handers. Such negative frequency-dependent advantages are likely to appear in inefficient game-play behaviour against left-handed opponents such as reduced ability to correctly anticipate left-handers' action intentions. We used a pre-post retention design to test whether such negative frequency-dependent perceptual effects can be reversed via effective training. In a video-based test, 30 handball novices anticipated the shot outcome of temporally occluded handball penalties thrown by right- and left-handed players. Between the pre- and post-tests, participants underwent a perceptual training programme to improve prediction accuracy, followed by an unfilled retention test one week later. Participants were divided into two hand-specific training groups (i.e. only right- or left-handed shots were presented during training) and a mixed group (i.e. both right- and left-handed shots were presented). Our results support the negative frequency-dependent advantage hypothesis, as hand-specific perceptual training led to side-specific improvement of anticipation skills. Similarly, findings provide experimental evidence to support the contention that negatively frequency-dependent selection mechanisms contributed to the maintenance of the handedness polymorphism.  相似文献   

A MORAL CRITIQUE OF TELEVISION VALUES AND THE ROLE OF RELIGION     

Norbert Max Samuelson 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(2):285-292

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Themenheft: Digitale Bibliotheken     

Anne Brüggemann-Klein  Norbert Fuhr und Erich Neuhold 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1998,13(3):109

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Di Salvo V  Baron R  González-Haro C  Gormasz C  Pigozzi F  Bachl N 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(14):1489-1494

It has been suggested that assessment of high-intensity activities during a match is a valid measure of physical performance in elite soccer. Recently, sprinting activities have been analysed in more depth. The aim of this study was to develop a detailed analysis of the sprinting activities of different playing positions during European Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. Altogether, 717 elite outfield soccer players were evaluated throughout 2002-2006 using ProZone? (Leeds, UK). Sprinting (explosive and leading) was analysed for each playing position. To compare positional differences, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Differences were found among positions for total number of sprints and total sprint distance covered: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001), as well as for explosive sprints: (wide midfielders = attackers = wide defenders) > central defenders, wide midfielders > central midfielders > central defenders and attackers = wide defenders = central midfielders (P < 0.001), and leading sprints: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001). For each group, there were no differences in ratio of explosive to leading sprints. Wide midfielders performed a higher number of sprints in all five distance categories than all other positions. This study showed that sprinting characteristics are influenced by position. Wide midfielders have to complete additional high-intensity activities during training sessions compared with the other positions to achieve the performance level required during the match.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Norbert Meder 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,17(33):6-7

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Editorial

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Retrieval quality vs. effectiveness of specificity-oriented search in XML collections     

Norbert Fuhr  Norbert Gövert 《Information Retrieval》2006,9(1):55-70

Content-only queries in hierarchically structured documents should retrieve the most specific document nodes which are exhaustive to the information need. For this problem, we investigate two methods of augmentation, which both yield high retrieval quality. As retrieval effectiveness, we consider the ratio of retrieval quality and response time; thus, fast approximations to the 'correct' retrieval result may yield higher effectiveness. We present a classification scheme for algorithms addressing this issue, and adopt known algorithms from standard document retrieval for XML retrieval. As a new strategy, we propose incremental-interruptible retrieval, which allows for instant presentation of the top ranking documents. We develop a new algorithm implementing this strategy and evaluate the different methods with the INEX collection.  相似文献   

WHAT RESPONDENTS LEARN FROM SCALES: THE INFORMATIVE FUNCTIONS OF RESPONSE ALTERNATIVES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schwarz  Norbert 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1990,2(3):274-285

Survey respondents are often asked to report the frequency withwhich they engage in a certain behavior by checking the appropriatealternative from a list of response categories provided to them.A psychological research program, reviewed in the present paper,indicates that response alternatives are not only measurementdevices but constitute a source of information for the respondent.Specifically, respondents assume that the average or typicalbehavior is reflected by values stated in the middle range ofthe response alternatives and that the extremes of the listreflect the extremes of the distribution. This assumption affectstheir own responses in various ways. First, respondents usethe range of the response alternatives as a frame of referencein estimating their own behavioral frequencies and report higherfrequencies on scales that present high rather than low frequencyresponse alternatives. Second, respondents extract comparisoninformation from their own location on the response scale anduse this information in making comparative judgments. Finally,if the target behavior is open to interpretation, as is oftenthe case when subjective experiences are assessed, respondentsuse the response alternatives to determine the exact referenceof the question. Accordingly, the same question in combinationwith different response alternatives is likely to assess differentexperiences. Implications for questionnaire construction arediscussed.  相似文献   

Generierte DB-Aufrufschnittstellen – Anwendungsspezifische Zugriffsoptimierung durch Bindungsflexibilit?t     

Theo H?rder  Udo Nink  Norbert Ritter 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,7(3):67-82

Jede Datenbankprogrammierschnittstelle mu? sich daran messen lassen, inwieweit sie die Vorteile der durch sie integrierten Sprachen (Datenbank- und Programmiersprache) erh?lt. Neben dieser allgemeinen Zielsetzung müssen heutzutage neuere Konzepte in den Bereichen Programmiersprachen und Datenbanksysteme sowie die Anforderungen komplexer Anwendungsbereiche (z. B. CAD oder Software-Entwicklung) beachtet werden. Unser Ansatz der generierten Aufrufschnittstellen soll dazu beitragen, Datenmodelle objekt- relationaler Datenbanksysteme und Typsysteme objektorientierter Programmiersprachen n?her zusammenzurücken. Er erlaubt neben der Schnittstellengenerierung ihre anwendungsspezifische Konfigurierung, um die DB-Verarbeitung spezieller Anwendungen gezielt optimieren zu k?nnen. Wir werden neben Aspekten der Generierung/Konfigurierung die Nutzung von generierten Aufrufschnittstellen beschreiben und Experimente vorstellen, die den durch diesen Ansatz erzielbaren Leistungsgewinn verdeutlichen. Letzterer kann durch gezielten, auf die jeweilige Anwendung zugeschnittenen Einsatz von frühen Bindungen für Datenmanipulationsoperationen sowie von Pointer-Swizzling-/Prefetching-Mechanismen erreicht werden.  相似文献   

Transferphänomene in der Motorik     

Claudia Reiter  Christoph Duntz  Norbert Olivier 《Sportwissenschaft》2003,33(2):224-226

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Sozialisation im Sport     

Klaus Cachay  Horst-Werner Ehni  Dietrich Kurz  Jürgen Lange  Günther Schmidt  Jochen Sprenger  Norbert Wolf 《Sportwissenschaft》1973,3(4):387-413

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