A Characterisation Study on Modern Bronze Sculpture: The Artistic Patinas of Nado Canuti     

Mila Crippa  Valeria Bongiorno  Paolo Piccardo  Maria Maddalena Carnasciali 《文物保护研究》2019,64(1):16-23

Artistic patination is a traditional colouring technique for metal sculpture, employed by artists in ancient and modern times for aesthetic purposes. Today, knowledge of the artistic value and the chemistry of this superficial chromatic layer, called ‘artistic patina’, can be successfully acquired through a close collaboration between living artists, foundry artisans, and scientists. Starting from several interviews with the Italian artist Nado Canuti and foundry artisans, specific information was gathered about patination methods and the artist’s attitude towards materials restoration. Afterwards, the patinas most used by Canuti were reproduced to study their nature before any ageing or degradation. Their chromatic values, morphologies, and compositions were studied employing a range of techniques such as colour measurements, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The collected data revealed the formation of main compounds (cuprite, cassiterite, rouaite, chalcocite, isocubanite, and ferroxyhite) and additional compounds (atacamite and CN-containing compound). The scientific results, as well as the artist’s statements concerning the patinas’ significance, maintenance, and conservation, will contribute towards the future care and preservation of Canuti’s sculptures.  相似文献   

The contribution of adult education to the construction of the social university     

Paolo Federighi 《Prospects》1980,10(3):325-332

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Modelling the joint torques and loadings during squatting at the Smith machine     

Biscarini A  Benvenuti P  Botti F  Mastrandrea F  Zanuso S 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(5):457-469

An analytical biomechanical model was developed to establish the relevant properties of the Smith squat exercise, and the main differences from the free barbell squat. The Smith squat may be largely patterned to modulate the distributions of muscle activities and joint loadings. For a given value of the included knee angle (θ(knee)), bending the trunk forward, moving the feet forward in front of the knees, and displacing the weight distribution towards the forefoot emphasizes hip and lumbosacral torques, while also reducing knee torque and compressive tibiofemoral and patellofemoral forces (and vice versa). The tibiofemoral shear force φ(t) displays more complex trends that strongly depend on θ(knee). Notably, for 180° ≥ θ(knee) ≥ 130°, φ(t) and cruciate ligament strain forces can be suppressed by selecting proper pairs of ankle and hip angles. Loading of the posterior cruciate ligament increases (decreases) in the range 180° ≥ θ(knee) ≥ 150° (θ(knee) ≤ 130°) with knee extension, bending the trunk forward, and moving the feet forward in front of the knees. In the range 150° > θ(knee) > 130°, the behaviour changes depending on the foot weight distribution. The conditions for the development of anterior cruciate ligament strain forces are explained. This work enables careful use of the Smith squat in strengthening and rehabilitation programmes.  相似文献   

Reconfiguring confined magnetic colloids with tunable fluid transport behavior     

Zhizhi Sheng  Mengchuang Zhang  Jing Liu  Paolo Malgaretti  Jianyu Li  Shuli Wang  Wei Lv  Rongrong Zhang  Yi Fan  Yunmao Zhang  Xinyu Chen  Xu Hou 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(5)

Collective dynamics of confined colloids are crucial in diverse scenarios such as self-assembly and phase behavior in materials science, microrobot swarms for drug delivery and microfluidic control. Yet, fine-tuning the dynamics of colloids in microscale confined spaces is still a formidable task due to the complexity of the dynamics of colloidal suspension and to the lack of methodology to probe colloids in confinement. Here, we show that the collective dynamics of confined magnetic colloids can be finely tuned by external magnetic fields. In particular, the mechanical properties of the confined colloidal suspension can be probed in real time and this strategy can be also used to tune microscale fluid transport. Our experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the collective configuration characterized by the colloidal entropy is controlled by the colloidal concentration, confining ratio and external field strength and direction. Indeed, our results show that mechanical properties of the colloidal suspension as well as the transport of the solvent in microfluidic devices can be controlled upon tuning the entropy of the colloidal suspension. Our approach opens new avenues for the design and application of drug delivery, microfluidic logic, dynamic fluid control, chemical reaction and beyond.  相似文献   

意大利和国际体育法及判例制裁的比例原则          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Garraffa 《体育科研》2014,(4):12-18

研究意大利和国际体育法判例制裁的比例原则,首先需要了解意大利(以下简称国家)和国际体育规则。其次是根据意大利与国际体育法的判例如何与归责原则连接,以及解释(和执行)方式,尤其是关于足球与反兴奋剂规则。研究的主要目的是为了验证这一原则是否在规则中被编撰和认可(通过体育法庭得到解释和执行),评估这一原则是否应用于保护体育运动的完整性(确保它的正常运作),并应当平衡要遵守体育规则和保护运动员利益二者之间的关系。  相似文献   

The (Im)possibility of Interdisciplinarity: Lessons from Constructing a Theoretical Framework for Digital Ecosystems     

Paolo Dini  Mehita Iqani  Robin Mansell 《Culture, Theory & Critique》2013,54(1):3-27

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Science,Society and Trends in Science Education‐‐some Thoughts on the Development of Integrated Science in the Educational Systems of the World     

Paolo Manzelli 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):253-260

Summaries

English

Before constructing a new curriculum for any level in integrated‐science education, it is very important to establish a basic philosophy of science teaching which reflects a symbiotic relationship between education and the socio‐economic development in a particular country of the world.

The curriculum structure of integrated‐science education should broaden the basis of curricular decision and should be designated to follow the expectations of the society in providing professional intellectual training so that education can make a significant contribution to the socio‐economic growth of the country. This basic assumption which established a link between cultural and socio‐economic growth, involves a diversification of the cultural trends of science education which must become appropriate to the economic and historical context of each country in a fast changing world of work.

Therefore, by critically removing outside influences in the transmission of scientific knowledge, there should be less uniformity in the context and methods of teaching, and considerable restructuring of education for each country should occur. Thus, considering the historical and geographical differences, a new order in international division of labour would come into being.

In such a hypothesis, a research‐oriented integrated curriculum in science education can play a central role (certainly a better one than in the traditional, discipline‐oriented scheme of science teaching) in obtaining an adequate interaction between scientific education and social problems; this is required for modern cultural and economic development of the world.  相似文献   

A Graphical Method for Assessing the Identification of Linear Structural Equation Models     

Paolo Eusebi 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(3):403-412

A graphical method is presented for assessing the state of identifiability of the parameters in a linear structural equation model based on the associated directed graph. We do not restrict attention to recursive models. In the recent literature, methods based on graphical models have been presented as a useful tool for assessing the state of identifiability of the parameters of the model. This article proposes the graphical counterpart of the rank condition of the matrix of structural coefficients, which allows for checking of the identifiability through a simple graphical rule. This approach can be used to develop algorithms.  相似文献   

Biomechanical model for simulating impacts against protective padding of sport facility     

Pier Paolo Valentini  Ettore Pennestrì  Leonardo Quattrociocchi 《Sports Engineering》2016,19(1):47-57

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Lights,Camera, Action: Facilitating the Design and Production of Effective Instructional Videos     

Terry Di Paolo  Jenny S. Wakefield  Leila A. Mills  Laura Baker 《TechTrends》2017,61(5):452-460

This paper outlines a rudimentary process intended to guide faculty in K-12 and higher education through the steps involved to produce video for their classes. The process comprises four steps: planning, development, delivery and reflection. Each step is infused with instructional design information intended to support the collaboration between instructional support staff and faculty to produce video that will be meaningful to students and support their success in a class. In outlining this approach, the paper also explores technological and pedagogical considerations related to each of these steps that can help faculty and staff determine how best to incorporate video into online classes. Finally, supported by research on best video practices and with examples from our own experiences as instructional designers and instructors, the paper outlines how these steps relate to four broad categories of video: introduce, model, explain/inform and feedback.  相似文献