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A group of healthy older adults completed an 8-week resistance-training program. For 38 participants (14 men, 24 women; ages 60-90 years; M mass = 73.2 kg, SD = 12.3; M height = 1.65 m, SD = 0.08), pre- and postprogram sit-to-stand performance was analyzed (60 Hz video) focusing on center of mass kinematics surrounding transition. Significant changes were attributed to improved strength. Peak forward, downward, and upward velocities increased (16, 59, and 26%, respectively), and relative transition time was delayed 27%. These behaviors were more similar to those of healthy younger adults. Results also indicated strategy changes. Participants exploited their improved strength, forming a distinctive movement pattern emphasizing stability followed by a brisk rise. These adaptations represent meaningfully improved function in an important daily living activity.  相似文献   
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Goswami (1999) summarised the evidence supporting the teaching of onset and rime in early reading development. In the present study onset‐rime theory was applied in a randomised controlled trial to the authentic reading task of reading aloud to an adult. Helpers heard Year‐2 children read and responded to miscues and hesitations using one of two prompting procedures. Half of the subjects were prompted using a rime‐prompt approach whereas the other half were told the correct word after five seconds. Progress was measured using word and text‐level tests and the rime‐prompt group performed significantly better than the word‐prompt group at the 5% level. The rime‐prompt method has potential for helping children recognise one‐ and two‐syllable words. It is suitable for use by parents, teachers and other helpers.  相似文献   
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The present study examined the relationships between aspects of individual modernity among Chinese adolescents in Singapore aged fifteen years (N = 250, M = 122, F = 128). The Aspects chosen are those seen by Inkeles (1969), changes that occur in a country's modernization as being required in order to cope with the various need for achievement, efficient time-management, future-planning and autonomous decision-making. While there is strong interdependence among achievement motivation, future-planning and time-management of both genders, autonomy emerges as a separate dimension.  相似文献   
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Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students from 12 university campuses (N = 177) participated in this study that examined the relationships between adult attachment, LGB identity, and sexual attitudes. Findings indicated that adult attachment was significantly related to LGB identity and sexual attitudes and that an LGB identity variable moderated the relationship between attachment avoidance and sexual permissiveness attitudes. Findings, counseling implications, and future research directions are discussed in terms of attachment and LGB identity theory.  相似文献   
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This study compares family characteristics and developmental outcomes of black children (N = 300) from 3 rural contexts in South Africa: the homeland, the resettlement, and the white-owned farms. Parents in the homeland were more likely to be married and had more education, less household crowding, and lower mobility than parents in the other 2 areas, and higher occupational status than parents from the farms. Child outcomes paralleled these differences in material resources and family stability. Children from the homeland scored higher than children from the resettlement or farms on head circumference, vocabulary, quantitative skill, and self-concept, with no significant differences between the latter 2 areas on these outcome variables. Children from the homeland also scored higher than resettlement children on weight, copying skill, and height, with children from the farms measuring lowest on height. Child outcomes were highly intercorrelated in all 3 residence areas, but correlations among family variables, and between family and child variables, showed different patterns across areas. Parent education, occupation, and crowding were the most consistent predictors of physical development, cognitive development, and self-concept. Family mobility and marital status, however, showed different relationships to other family variables and to child outcomes across the 3 environments. These results highlight the importance of studying children in multiple environmental contexts, because family characteristics are not associated uniformly across residence areas.  相似文献   
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The number of Asian international students pursuing graduate degrees in social work in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years, especially among Koreans. Despite the growth and the need for culturally competent practices in higher education, no research has been devoted to the adjustment problems of this population. This study is the first of its kind in exploring stress and coping strategies of Korean international students in graduate social work education. Concept mapping revealed five major clusters of stressors: academic problems, financial difficulties, cultural barriers, psychological problems, and family concerns. Five major coping strategies emerged as well: psychological coping, physical coping, problem solving, social support, and entertainment. Social work schools and departments should demonstrate cultural competence with this population by providing support services to help these students cope successfully with their new environment.  相似文献   
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