Feedback as an incentive for responding to a mail questionnaire     

Donald E. Powers  Donald L. Alderman 《Research in higher education》1982,17(3):207-211

The effect of offering respondents feedback on questionnaire results was investigated in a national mail survey of college-bound secondary school students. It was found that offering feedback had a significant positive effect on response rate, but the magnitude of that effect was slightly less than the increase in response rate resulting from a shorter questionnaire and considerably less than a follow-up contact with nonrespondents.  相似文献   

Use of dissection-related courseware by low-ability high school students: A qualitative inquiry     

Mable B. Kinzie  M. Jean Foss  Susan M. Powers 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1993,41(3):87-101

This article reports on a naturalistic study conducted with 24 low-achieving high school Biology students. Observations and interviews were used to determine how the teacher and students used two different computer-based instructional programs on frog anatomy and dissection, and how students conducted a subsequent dissection. Student and teacher opinions were solicited about the different computer-based programs and the dissection laboratory. Findings suggest that dissection can be a valuable learning experience for low-achieving Biology students when they are engaged in group cooperation and interaction and receive adequate instructional preparation. Results also point to the motivation these students exhibit toward computer use, to the importance of balancing learner and program control, and to the value of considering the teacher as a possible source of both interaction and structure during courseware use. Recommendations based on these and other findings are offered for educators and instructional developers. As participating teacher in this research, Mrs. Foss' integral and enthusiastic involvement is recognized with co-authorship of this article. She has asked to be identified by name rather than by a pseudonym. The paper on which this article was based was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in April 1993. The authors thank Mary Catherine Ellwein and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments on an earlier draft. Correspondence may be directed to Mable Kinzie at the Department of Educational Studies, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2495.  相似文献   

Parental sensitivity, infant affect, and affect regulation: predictors of later attachment     

Braungart-Rieker JM  Garwood MM  Powers BP  Wang X 《Child development》2001,72(1):252-270

This longitudinal study on 94 families examined the extent to which parent sensitivity, infant affect, and affect regulation at 4 months predicted mother-infant and father-infant attachment classifications at 1 year. Parent sensitivity was rated from face-to-face interaction episodes; infant affect and regulatory behaviors were rated from mother-infant and father-infant still-face episodes at 4 months. Infants' attachment to mothers and fathers was rated from the Strange Situation at 12 and 13 months. MANOVAs indicated that 4-month parent and infant factors were associated with infant-mother but not infant-father attachment groups. Discriminant Function Analysis further indicated that two functions, "Affect Regulation" and "Maternal Sensitivity," discriminated infant-mother attachment groups; As and B1-B2s showed more affect regulation toward mothers and fathers than B3-B4s and Cs at 4 months, and mothers of both secure groups were more sensitive than mothers of Cs. Finally, the association between maternal sensitivity and infant-mother attachment was partially mediated by infant affect regulation.  相似文献   

Exploring the relationship between clout and cognitive processing in MOOC discussion forums     

Robert L. Moore  Cherng-Jyh Yen  F. Eamonn Powers 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(1):482-497

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between clout and cognitive processing in massive open online course (MOOC) discussion forum posts. Cognitive processing, a category variable generated by the automated text analysis tool, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), is made up of six sub-scores (insight, causation, discrepancy, tentativeness, certainty and differentiation). Clout is a nontransparent summary variable in LIWC that can be used to understand the level of confidence conveyed in the text. Because clout is nontransparent, we do not know the algorithm used to calculate its value. To better understand this variable, this study examined cognitive processing alongside clout. In this study, a series of linear mixed models were fitted to evaluate, after controlling for gender, degree and type of post, if the focal relationship between each sub-score of cognitive processing as the predictor variables and clout as the dependent variable changed across courses with different pacing (self-paced or instructor-paced). Next, the focal relationship between each predictor and clout was examined with or without regard to pacing. Findings showed words classified as showing discrepancy, certainty or differentiation were negatively associated with clout scores.  相似文献   

Familial contexts of adolescent ego development   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S T Hauser  S I Powers  G G Noam  A M Jacobson  B Weiss  D J Follansbee 《Child development》1984,55(1):195-213

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Behavioral components of shock-induced aggression in ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus)     

Jim L. Turner  Robert Boice  Patrick C. Powers 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(4):254-262

The fighting behavior of paired ground squirrels was observed in a footshock chamber, with shock offset contingent on pair members displaying an unambiguous dominant-subordinate relationship. Status relations stabilized over days, resulting in a decrease in the intensity and duration of encounters and an increase in the frequency of threat displays. Various agonistic components are described and their functions and effects discussed in terms of naturally occurring aggression in this species.  相似文献   

本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇:“卷福”的奥斯卡时刻     

John Powers  Mac 《英语辅导》2015,(2):4-8

我更喜欢称本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇为"卷福",因为这里面代表了影迷对他以及这个角色的喜爱,而这个角色也必定是他演艺生涯的一个重要注脚。你看他那种略带神经质的表演会禁不住疑问:他本人是这样的吗?如果不是,为什么能把这个角色演绎得如此惟妙惟肖?康伯巴奇出生演艺世家,名校出身,一直得到不同程度的锤炼和赏识。如果你以为"卷福"之前的康伯巴奇一事无成、籍籍无名,那你就错了,他在舞台剧、电视剧以及电影都有作为,所以他可以在名利突然而至的时候不至于失态,可以在所谓的"无名小卒"时期不至于变态。他在健全人格形成之前并没有在名利  相似文献   

Youth With Disabilities in Foster Care: Developing Self-Determination Within a Context of Struggle and Disempowerment     

Sarah J. Geenen  Laurie E. Powers  Jennifer M. Hogansen  James O. E. Pittman 《Exceptionality》2013,21(1):17-30

Abstract

This article focuses on the transition experiences of foster youth with disabilities, a group of students with disabilities who have often been neglected by researchers and policy makers. We begin by discussing transition outcomes for youth with disabilities, highlighting the progress that has been achieved in recent years, and noting that much of this progress is related to the effective transition planning practice of promoting self-determination. We then examine the challenging context children in foster care typically face as they move into adulthood, drawing attention to the neglect of policy and practices designed to promote self-determination for foster youth with disabilities. To do this, we describe 4 recent studies by our research group that involve this vulnerable population and stress key elements of self-determination that seem to be lacking in the context in which these youth function. We end by emphasizing the need to continue focusing on this at-risk group of young people, as well as on transition supports that promote their self-determination.  相似文献   

Self‐Perceptions of communication effectiveness: An exploratory study     

William G. Powers  Lyle J. Flint  Kimberly A. Breindel 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):103-107

With increasing evidence of non‐maximal communication skills, an investigation of variables that could impact the inclination of students to continue development was undertaken. This study initiates exploration of student perceptions of communication effectiveness relative to self peers and people‐in‐general. Results indicate that most students perceive themselves to he very effective communicators and perceive others to be less effective. A reverse pattern was evidenced by high apprehensive students. The challenge for communication education is discussed. Potential action paths are elaborated.  相似文献   

The changing market structure of local television news     

Angela Powers 《Journal of Media Economics》2013,26(1):37-55

Local television news markets have been defined in terms of oligopoly theory, in which the number of competitors is limited and firms must pay significant attention to pricing behavior and product differentiation. The author explores how the development of independent television stations, cable television, and video recorders is changing the market from oligopoly to monopolistic competition.  相似文献