Promoting Parents' Social Capital to Increase Children's Attendance in Head Start: Evidence From an Experimental Intervention     

Teresa Eckrich Sommer  Terri J. Sabol  P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale  Mario Small  Henry Wilde  Sean Brown 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(4):732-766

Improving children's attendance is a high priority for Head Start and other early childhood education programs serving low-income children. We conducted a randomized control trial in a major northern city to evaluate the impact of a low-cost intervention designed to promote parents' social capital as a potential influence on children's attendance in Head Start centers. The intervention assigned children to treatment group classrooms based on (a) neighborhood of residence (geography condition) or (b) the geography condition plus the opportunity for parents to form partnerships in support of their children's attendance, or to control group classrooms according to Head Start guidelines only. We did not find impacts on average attendance throughout the year. However, the intervention did lead to increased attendance during the winter when average center attendance was lowest. There were no impacts on fall or spring attendance. Follow-up exploratory analyses of focus groups with parents and staff suggested that parents' level of connection and trust, self-generated partnership strategies, and commitment to their children's education may be factors by which parents' social capital expands and children's attendance improves.  相似文献   

A review of primary and secondary influences on sport expertise     

Joseph Baker  Sean Horton 《High Ability Studies》2004,15(2):211-228

Sport scientists have examined numerous factors influencing the acquisition and manifestation of high levels of performance. These factors can be divided into variables having a primary influence on expertise and variables that have a secondary influence through their interaction with other variables. Primary influences on expertise include genetic, training, and psychological factors while secondary influences include socio‐cultural and contextual elements. This paper reviews the factors affecting the development of expert performance in sport and suggests directions for future research.  相似文献   

Design,validation, and use of an evaluation instrument for monitoring systemic reform     

Kathryn Scantlebury  William Boone  Jane Butler Kahle  Barry J. Fraser 《科学教学研究杂志》2001,38(6):646-662

Over the past decade, state and national policymakers have promoted systemic reform as a way to achieve high‐quality science education for all students. However, few instruments are available to measure changes in key dimensions relevant to systemic reform such as teaching practices, student attitudes, or home and peer support. Furthermore, Rasch methods of analysis are needed to permit valid comparison of different cohorts of students during different years of a reform effort. This article describes the design, development, validation, and use of an instrument that measures student attitudes and several environment dimensions (standards‐based teaching, home support, and peer support) using a three‐step process that incorporated expert opinion, factor analysis, and item response theory. The instrument was validated with over 8,000 science and mathematics students, taught by more than 1,000 teachers in over 200 schools as part of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Ohio's systemic reform initiative. When the new four‐factor, 20‐item questionnaire was used to explore the relative influence of the class, home, and peer environment on student achievement and attitudes, findings were remarkably consistent across 3 years and different units and methods of analysis. All three environments accounted for unique variance in student attitudes, but only the environment of the class accounted for unique variance in student achievement. However, the class environment (standards‐based teaching practices) was the strongest independent predictor of both achievement and attitude, and appreciable amounts of the total variance in attitudes were common to the three environments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 646–662, 2001  相似文献   

The influence of training load,exposure to match play and sleep duration on daily wellbeing measures in youth athletes     

Thomas Sawczuk  Ben Jones  Sean Scantlebury  Kevin Till 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2431-2437

This study assessed the influence of training load, exposure to match play and sleep duration on two daily wellbeing measures in youth athletes. Forty-eight youth athletes (age 17.3 ± 0.5 years) completed a daily wellbeing questionnaire (DWB), the Perceived Recovery Status scale (PRS), and provided details on the previous day’s training loads (TL) and self-reported sleep duration (sleep) every day for 13 weeks (n = 2727). Linear mixed models assessed the effect of TL, exposure to match play and sleep on DWB and PRS. An increase in TL had a most likely small effect on muscle soreness (d = ?0.43;± 0.10) and PRS (d = ?0.37;± 0.09). Match play had a likely small additive effect on muscle soreness (d = ?0.26;± 0.09) and PRS (d = ?0.25;± 0.08). An increase in sleep had a most likely moderate effect on sleep quality (d = 0.80;± 0.14); a most likely small effect on DWB (d = 0.45;± 0.09) and fatigue (d = 0.42;± 0.11); and a likely small effect on PRS (d = 0.25;± 0.09). All other effects were trivial or did not reach the pre-determined threshold for practical significance. The influence of sleep on multiple DWB subscales and the PRS suggests that practitioners should consider the recovery of an athlete alongside the training stress imposed when considering deviations in wellbeing measures.  相似文献   

Benefactors and beneficiaries in social capital exchanges     

Sean F. Brown 《Sport in Society》2018,21(10):1558-1580

Abstract

Social capital research that specifically interrogates the motives for both benefactors and beneficiaries typically gives short shrift to the motives of beneficiaries, instead focusing on those of benefactors. Building on ideas first proposed in gift-giving and help-seeking research, this paper pays particular attention to the motives of recipients in social capital exchanges. Based on fieldwork in a youth baseball league in the American Southwest, I will argue that recipient motives for accepting (or asking for) help from another parent in the league are complex and worth studying on their own merit. Motives are explored for three of the four types of benefits typically exchanged in the Valley City Little League: Emotional Support, Information Sharing, and Job Information Sharing. Childcare is treated elsewhere.  相似文献   

The curious case of child care: an anomaly within social capital exchange motives in a youth sport organization     

Sean F. Brown 《Sport in Society》2018,21(10):1581-1591

Abstract

Examinations of motives for benefactors and beneficiaries in social capital exchanges typically examines motives of benefactors, leaving those of recipients unexamined. Based on 18 months of fieldwork in a youth baseball league in the American Southwest, I propose in this paper that, in some cases, the motives of beneficiaries are in fact more complicated and interesting to interrogate than the motives of benefactors. I provide a detailed look at one of these types of exchanges in particular that was typical within the Valley City Little League, that of childcare. Based on this work, I propose that social capital researchers will do well to advance the overall concept by placing a greater emphasis on recipient motives.  相似文献   

Premiums,announcement returns and desperation in high tech mergers: A growth options analysis     

Sean M. Davis  Jeff Madura 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(1):61-78

We examine the announcements of high tech mergers using a relatively new proxy for growth options we call “growth to book.” We find this adds significantly to help explain the premiums paid and announcement period abnormal returns when acquiring tech targets. Higher synergies are expected by managers and investors when targets have low growth options and acquirers have high growth options, resulting in higher premiums paid and either less negative or more positive abnormal returns. However, we find significant variation in the results by the relative size of the target and when low growth to book (GTB) firms acquire. While high GTB acquirers tend to pay more in premiums, low GTB acquirers can pay higher premiums and receive some of the most negative returns at announcement. We find evidence some acquisitions are motivated by desperation as these acquirers have the lowest GTB and do a disproportionate number of the relatively largest deals, receiving the worst abnormal returns at announcement.  相似文献   

Estimated maturity status and perceptions of adult autonomy support in youth soccer players     

Sean P. Cumming  Rebecca A. Battista  Martyn Standage  Martha E. Ewing  Robert M. Malina 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1039-1046

Abstract

In this study, we examined the relations between biological maturity status, body mass index, age, and perceptions of adult autonomy support in the context of youth soccer. A total of 70 female and 43 male soccer players, aged 9 – 15 years, completed three adult-specific versions (i.e. mother, father, coach) of the perceived autonomy support subscale from the Interpersonal Style Scale. The participants' percent predicted adult stature was used as an estimate of biological maturity status. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that advanced maturity status in male players predicted lower perceptions of autonomy support from the coach. Maturity status was unrelated to perceptions of autonomy support from the coach in female soccer players, and paternal and maternal autonomy support in male and female players. Age and body mass index were unrelated to perceptions of adult (i.e. coach, mother, father) autonomy support in male and female players.  相似文献   

Wikipedia,Critical Social Theory,and the Possibility of Rational Discourse 1     

Sean Hansen  Nicholas Berente  Kalle Lyytinen 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):38-59

Information systems researchers that apply critical social perspectives frequently emphasize the potential for information technology to serve as a mechanism for increased rationalization, domination, and control. Such theorists often overlook or discount the liberating aspects of information systems. In this study, we apply the ideal of rational discourse developed by Jürgen Habermas to the phenomenon of Wikipedia in an effort to explore empirically the emancipatory potential of information systems. We contend that Wikipedia embodies an approximation of the necessary conditions for rational discourse. While several challenges persist, the example of Wikipedia illustrates the positive potential of information systems in supporting the emergence of more emancipatory forms of communication. The corresponding implications for researchers and design professionals alike are discussed.  相似文献   

An ethic of care and educational practice     

Marcia McKenzie  Sean Blenkinsop 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2006,6(2):91-105

This article explicates the theoretical framework of an ethic of care and outlines recommendations for applying the framework to practice in adventure education, offering possibilities for re-imagining organizations as centrally concerned with compassion and care. Focusing on the work of Gilligan and Noddings, we suggest an understanding of an ethic of care that is contextual, ungendered, and inclusive of both the private and public spheres of life, and draw parallels between this ethic and the philosophies underlying Outward Bound specifically, and adventure education more generally. Finally, we outline possibilities for organizing educational curricula around centres of care for self, others, and the natural world, using Noddings' suggested curricular components of modeling, dialogue, practice, and confirmation.  相似文献