An experimental manipulation of retrospectively defined earned and continuous attachment security     

Roisman GI  Fortuna K  Holland A 《Child development》2006,77(1):59-71

Recent longitudinal data suggest that retrospectively defined earned-secures are not more likely than continuous-secures to have been anxiously attached to their mothers in infancy and indeed experience high-quality maternal parenting in childhood. Such findings leave unanswered the question of why earned-secures report negative childhood experiences. On the basis of speculation that earned-security may result from depression-related biases in the recall of early experiences, this report describes the effects of an experimental mood induction on the valence of young adults' (18-25 years) life narratives as assessed in the Adult Attachment Interview. Among secure adults, individuals in a sadness condition were more likely to be classified as earned-secure; happy participants were more likely to be classified as continuous-secure. Induced mood was unrelated to security versus insecurity.  相似文献   

狂犬病肆虐     

潘晨曦 《海外英语》2009,(7):22-22

狂犬病每年至少夺走5万个生命,其中大部分是儿童,而狗是主要凶手。不过在美国,有非常严格的宠物疫苗接种和流浪狗控制制度,因此狂犬病以不同的方式传播：浣熊和臭鼬是迄今最主要的四脚动物宿主。  相似文献   

星鼻鼹鼠     

Jennifer S. Holland 《海外英语》2009,(12):19-19

这是什么奇怪的鼻子？星鼻鼹鼠凭借它成为哺乳动物中最快的捕食者之一。当鼹鼠在湿地或沼泽中爬行时．它鼻子上的触角每秒钟可以触碰13个地方．以此搜寻无脊椎动物、昆虫卵等食物。在230毫秒内,比我们眼睛感受光的速度还要快,鼹鼠就能猎取和吞食动物,成为世界上吃东西最快的动物。（蝙蝠可能位居其次。）  相似文献   

Reading improvement in English- and Hebrew-speaking children with reading difficulties after reading acceleration training     

Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus  Nicole Cicchino  Merav Amiel  Scott K. Holland  Zvia Breznitz 《Annals of dyslexia》2014,64(3):183-201

A reading acceleration program known to improve reading fluency in Hebrew-speaking adults was tested for its effect on children. Eighty-nine Hebrew- and English-speaking children with reading difficulties were divided into a waiting list group and two training groups (Hebrew and English) and underwent 4 weeks of reading acceleration training. Results of pre- and post-testing of reading abilities point to a significant main effect of the test, demonstrating improvements in silent contextual reading speed, reading comprehension, and speed of processing in both Hebrew and English training groups as compared to their performance before the intervention. This study indicates that the Reading Acceleration Program might be an effective program for improving reading abilities in children, independent of language.  相似文献   

'Lost for Words' in Hull     

John Holland 《Pastoral Care in Education》2004,22(4):22-26

This paper reports on a research based project 'Lost for Words', which is a loss-awareness training pack developed by the City Psychological Service, Hull Learning and Cultural Services, in a multi-agency and multiprofessional context. 'Lost for Words' responded to identified needs in both schools and bereaved children and was based on research in schools and with adults bereaved of a parent when they were at school. Several local initiatives were put into place in concert with the local hospice, including 'help' leaflets for local schools and library and resource centres. The paper also reports the evaluation of the project in Hull, which showed an increase in the number of schools training staff in the area of loss, and of schools having a procedure or policy for loss. Schools rated the area of bereavement highly, although loss through parental separation was rated even higher. The majority of schools thought that more loss training was needed, and the tracking of the book Wise Before the Event showed how input can 'wash-out', as the percentage of schools aware of the publication has declined over time.  相似文献   

An Introduction to Distributions Using Weighted Dice     

Bart K. Holland 《Teaching Statistics》2011,33(1):20-22

This article describes a lively classroom demonstration that may be used to help develop students' understanding of the concept of a distribution, and to provide a foundation for the intuitive link between distributions and hypothesis testing.  相似文献   

Programme evaluation toolbox: effective evaluation principles and considerations in career practice     

Sylvia Nassar-McMillan  Abigail Holland Conley 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2011,11(3):211-220

In our ever-present age of accountability, career development professionals are increasingly called upon to document evidence-based outcomes and other metrics of programme effectiveness. In this article, we will review the key components of effective programme evaluation, including purposes and types of evaluation. Our review will span empirical and practical literature across disciplines and within guidance and counselling, specifically. We will review current evaluation models within an international context but focus predominantly on US based ones, along with articulating their shortfalls. Finally, we will present a potentially transformative advocacy-infused model of programme evaluation.  相似文献   

In search of educational equity for the migrant children of Shanghai   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Lihua Wang  Tracey Holland 《比较教育学》2011,47(4):471-487

Around the world there is a growing consensus that migrant children's rights must be protected, regardless of where they have emigrated from. One of these rights is the right to a public education of equal quality to that granted to non-migrant children regardless of where one's family is registered or pays taxes. This article focuses on migrant children schooling in Shanghai. It will show that three main problems are still impeding migrant children from getting a high-quality education. They are: the inferior quality of migrant children schools; the lack of access to a public school and the much higher costs of schooling; and the high mobility of migrant students. Our conclusion: the education rights of migrant children have become contingent on the wills of urban local governments, public attitudes, and available space in local public schools.  相似文献   

The Chain and Post-Stratification Methods for Observed-Score Equating: Their Relationship to Population Invariance     

Alina A. von  Davier Paul W. Holland  Dorothy T. Thayer 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2004,41(1):15-32

The Non-Equivalent-groups Anchor Test (NEAT) design has been in wide use since at least the early 1940s. It involves two populations of test takers, P and Q, and makes use of an anchor test to link them. Two linking methods used for NEAT designs are those (a) based on chain equating and (b) that use the anchor test to post-stratify the distributions of the two operational test scores to a common population (i.e., Tucker equating and frequency estimation). We show that, under different sets of assumptions, both methods are observed score equating methods and we give conditions under which the methods give identical results. In addition, we develop analogues of the Dorans and Holland (2000) RMSD measures of population invariance of equating methods for the NEAT design for both chain and post-stratification equating methods.  相似文献   

Positive and negative patterning after CS preexposure in flavor aversion conditioning     

Deswell T. Forbes  Peter C. Holland 《Learning & behavior》1980,8(4):595-600

Three experiments examined rats’ ability to discriminate a compound conditioned stimulus (CS) from the individual elements of that compound in a flavor aversion conditioning paradigm. In Experiment 1, presentations of a compound of sucrose and saline solutions were followed by lithium chloride injections, but presentations of those elements individually were nonrein-forced (positive patterning). Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, presentations of the individual elements were followed by lithium chloride injection, but compound presentations were non-reinforced (negative patterning). The discriminations were acquired in all three experiments. In addition, all three experiments investigated the effects of preexposure of the discriminative stimuli on subsequent acquisition of the patterned discriminations. In positive patterning, preexposure had no measurable effect on the acquisition of responding (suppression) to the reinforced compound stimulus, but slowed the loss of suppression to the nonreinforced elements. In negative patterning, preexposure slowed the acquisition of suppression to the reinforced elements but had little effect on the loss of suppression to the nonreinforced compound.  相似文献