Bookreviews     

R. P. Clark  Einar Lilja  Eve Malmqvist  Louis Arnaud Reid  Edmund King  John Downing  C. M. Fleming  Arnould Clausse  G. de Landsheere  Vernon Mallinson  Paul Nash  Tomio Goto  M. A. Brimer  Rudolf Cohen  Gerhard Pause  M. J. Langeveld  W. E. Vliegenthart  Emile Planchard 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1963,9(3):351-382

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Development of a grinding-specific performance test set-up     

C. G. Olesen  B. H. Larsen  E. L. Andresen  M. de Zee 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):242-247

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a performance test set-up for America's Cup grinders. The test set-up had to mimic the on-boat grinding activity and be capable of collecting data for analysis and evaluation of grinding performance. This study included a literature-based analysis of grinding demands and a test protocol developed to accommodate the necessary physiological loads. This study resulted in a test protocol consisting of 10 intervals of 20 revolutions each interspersed with active resting periods of 50 s. The 20 revolutions are a combination of both forward and backward grinding and an exponentially rising resistance. A custom-made grinding ergometer was developed with computer-controlled resistance and capable of collecting data during the test. The data collected can be used to find measures of grinding performance such as peak power, time to complete and the decline in repeated grinding performance.  相似文献   

Refining the ethics of computer-made decisions: a classification of moral mediation by ubiquitous machines     

Marlies Van de Voort  Wolter Pieters  Luca Consoli 《Ethics and Information Technology》2015,17(1):41-56

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Narrating Your Work: an approach to supporting knowledge sharing in virtual teams     

Anoush?MargaryanEmail author  Eleni?Boursinou  Dane?Lukic  Hans de?Zwart 《知识管理研究与实践》2015,13(4):391-400

We propose an approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness in distributed teams. Termed ‘Narrating Your Work’ (NYW), the approach involves members of distributed team using a microblogging tool to post regular updates about their current work, accomplishments, and issues. The NYW approach was evaluated within a geographically and temporally distributed team at Shell International for a period of one month, using a mixed-method research design. Methodology comprised of a quantitative survey, followed by semi-structured interviews and analysis of microblogging updates posted during the month in which the approach was being trialled. The evaluation results suggest that NYW was viewed as a valid and practical approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness. A range of barriers and enablers that could impact the future application and embedding of the approach are identified and recommendations for implementation are outlined.  相似文献   

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse     

Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho  Pedro de Oliva Neto  Paula Zaghetto de Almeida  Juliana Bueno da Silva  Bruna Escaramboni  Glaucia Maria Pastore 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2015,53(4):428-435

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Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: a systematic review     

Fabricio Anicio de Magalhaes  Giorgio Gatta  Silvia Fantozzi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):732-745

The use of contemporary technology is widely recognised as a key tool for enhancing competitive performance in swimming. Video analysis is traditionally used by coaches to acquire reliable biomechanical data about swimming performance; however, this approach requires a huge computational effort, thus introducing a delay in providing quantitative information. Inertial and magnetic sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, have been recently introduced to assess the biomechanics of swimming performance. Research in this field has attracted a great deal of interest in the last decade due to the gradual improvement of the performance of sensors and the decreasing cost of miniaturised wearable devices. With the aim of describing the state of the art of current developments in this area, a systematic review of the existing methods was performed using the following databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Twenty-seven articles published in indexed journals and conference proceedings, focusing on the biomechanical analysis of swimming by means of inertial sensors were reviewed. The articles were categorised according to sensor’s specification, anatomical sites where the sensors were attached, experimental design and applications for the analysis of swimming performance. Results indicate that inertial sensors are reliable tools for swimming biomechanical analyses.  相似文献   

Validation of two accelerometers to determine mechanical loading of physical activities in children     

Ursina Meyer  Dominique Ernst  Silvia Schott  Claudia Riera  Jan Hattendorf  Jacqueline Romkes 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1702-1709

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of accelerometers using force plates (i.e., ground reaction force (GRF)) during the performance of different tasks of daily physical activity in children. Thirteen children (10.1 (range 5.4–15.7) years, 3 girls) wore two accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ (ACT), GENEA (GEN)) at the hip that provide raw acceleration signals at 100 Hz. Participants completed different tasks (walking, jogging, running, landings from boxes of different height, rope skipping, dancing) on a force plate. GRF was collected for one step per trial (10 trials) for ambulatory movements and for all landings (10 trials), rope skips and dance procedures. Accelerometer outputs as peak loading (g) per activity were averaged. ANOVA, correlation analyses and Bland–Altman plots were computed to determine validity of accelerometers using GRF. There was a main effect of task with increasing acceleration values in tasks with increasing locomotion speed and landing height (P < 0.001). Data from ACT and GEN correlated with GRF (r = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively) and between each other (r = 0.98), but both accelerometers consistently overestimated GRF. The new generation of accelerometer models that allow raw signal detection are reasonably accurate to measure impact loading of bone in children, although they systematically overestimate GRF.  相似文献   

Effects of changing speed on knee and ankle joint load during walking and running     

Ana Cristina de David  Felipe Pivetta Carpes  Darren Stefanyshyn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):391-397

Joint moments can be used as an indicator of joint loading and have potential application for sports performance and injury prevention. The effects of changing walking and running speeds on joint moments for the different planes of motion still are debatable. Here, we compared knee and ankle moments during walking and running at different speeds. Data were collected from 11 recreational male runners to determine knee and ankle joint moments during different conditions. Conditions include walking at a comfortable speed (self-selected pacing), fast walking (fastest speed possible), slow running (speed corresponding to 30% slower than running) and running (at 4 m · s^?1 ± 10%). A different joint moment pattern was observed between walking and running. We observed a general increase in joint load for sagittal and frontal planes as speed increased, while the effects of speed were not clear in the transverse plane moments. Although differences tend to be more pronounced when gait changed from walking to running, the peak moments, in general, increased when speed increased from comfortable walking to fast walking and from slow running to running mainly in the sagittal and frontal planes. Knee flexion moment was higher in walking than in running due to larger knee extension. Results suggest caution when recommending walking over running in an attempt to reduce knee joint loading. The different effects of speed increments during walking and running should be considered with regard to the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation purposes.  相似文献   

Medical library services in Switzerland: catching up with EBM     

Gerhard Bissels  Sabine D. Klein  Isabelle de Kaenel 《Health information and libraries journal》2019,36(4):372-377

The feature is a part of the series about medical library services in various countries. It gives an overview of medical library services to support research, education and clinical practice in Switzerland. Data were collected by means of an online survey and set in the wider context of the Swiss healthcare system. Key findings are that library services, including support by academic librarians, are provided to health care staff in hospitals – both university and others, while there is no information service infrastructure to serve the large number of GPs and specialists who mostly run their own practice. The authors recommend that – if the health authorities take EBM seriously – information services should be introduced for these small practices. J.M.  相似文献   

Explicating Physical Activity Preferences of Community-Dwelling Filipino Elderly in Urban and Rural Settings: A Conjoint Analysis     

Allan B. de Guzman  Eric Harold M. Jatulan  Joyce Ann Camille A. Jimenez 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(4):251-266

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