From evidence to policy: reflections on emerging themes in health-enhancing physical activity     

Smith A  Bird S 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(8):791-799

Based on a detailed reading of the six preceding papers, in conjunction with a reflection on the socio-political forces shaping lifestyles in the UK at the turn of the millennium, we come to four interrelated conclusions. First, sport and exercise science needs to move beyond evidence-based practice to evidence-based policy. Second, sport and exercise science needs to make health-enhancing physical activity a political issue at both national and local level. Third, transport, not health policy, may be the key to promoting health-enhancing physical activity. And, fourth, young people deserve our special attention. In reaching these four interrelated conclusions, we attempt both to shape evidence based policy and future research agendas in exercise science. To achieve an international perspective, we also present a short case note from Australia.  相似文献   

Comparison of anthropometry to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: a new prediction equation for women     

Ball S  Swan PD  DeSimone R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2004,75(3):248-258

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of three recommended anthropometric equations for women and then develop an updated prediction equation using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percentage of body fat (%BF) by anthropometry was significantly correlated (r = .896-.929; p < .01) with DXA, but each equation underestimated %BF (3.2-5.6 %BF; p < .01). The following DXA criterion (DC) equation was created: %BF= -6.40665 + 0.41946(S3SF) - 0.00126(S3SF)2 + 0.12515(hip) + 0.06473 (age); (S3SF = sum of triceps, suprailiac, thigh; hip = circumference in cm; age = years). The predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) R2 was high (0.86), and the PRESS standard error of estimate (SEE) was low (2.5 %BF) for our sample of 150 women. The DC equation was further crosschecked on a separate sample of women (n = 25) and again showed excellent agreement. The DC equation appears to be a more accurate estimation of %BF in women.  相似文献   

Verse in Action: Performing Poetry to Learners of English as a Second Language in Poland     

Stephen Cockett 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2002,33(1):11-28

This article is an account of a project sponsored by the British Council in Poland. Eight students from the Drama department at Exeter University created a poetry show based on poems in English for children and gave performances in schools and teachers' colleges in and around the cities of Torun and Krakow. The initial section describes how the project was born, its aims in bringing a theatre event to the language classroom, in English without the aid of interpreters, and the principles followed in the devising process for making the meaning and drama of each poem clear and exciting for audiences with a limited command of English. The final section of the article highlights key moments from the eight-day tour and specific responses from Polish pupils and the Exeter students to their experience as participants in this cross-cultural event. The project was the first of its type to take place in Poland.  相似文献   

Extending the theory of planned behavior in the exercise domain: a comparison of social support and subjective norm     

Rhodes RE  Jones LW  Courneya KS 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(2):193-199

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Effects of multicycle-run training on triathlete performance     

Hue O  Valluet A  Blonc S  Hertogh C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(3):289-295

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of triathlon training using multiple, short cycle-run sequences (multicycle-run training) on cycle-run performance. Twelve competitive triathletes, randomized into two groups, underwent multicycle-run training or normal training for 6 weeks. During this period, baseline training remained the same for both groups, and only the high-intensity component differed. The differentiated exercises were performed at or above 100% maximal aerobic velocity. The improvements in overall cycle-run performance were similar (3.3 +/- 1.4 % and 6.1 +/- 1.7% rise in Performance in multicycle-run and normal training, respectively). However, the improvement in performance was significantly greater for the multicycle-run training (-11.2 +/- 6.8 s versus -1.2 +/- 7. 7 s for multicycle-run training and normal training, respectively) during both the cycle-run change and the first 333-m lap, which together are termed the cycle-run transition. We concluded that 6 weeks of multicycle-run training did not induce greater improvement in cycle-run performance than did normal training in competitive triathletes. However, it did induce significant improvement in the cycle-run transition. This finding indicates that multicycle-run training may help competitive triathletes to develop greater skill and better physiological adaptations during this critical transition period of the triathlon race.  相似文献   

Interviewing children about individual incidents of sexual abuse     

Jones DP 《Child abuse & neglect》2001,25(12):1641-1642

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The treasure of creative instruction and artful training     

Stephen Yelon 《Performance Improvement》2005,44(5):8-12

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Rapid prototyping methodology in action: A developmental study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toni Stokes Jones  Rita C. Richey 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2000,48(2):63-80

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Social contexts of learning literate language: The role of varied, familiar, and close peer relationships   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. D. Pellegrini  Edward Melhuish  Ithel Jones  L. Trojanowska  R. Gilden 《Learning and individual differences》2000,12(4)

Two prominent theories in evolutionary biology have stressed the role of social contexts in the evolution of primate cognition. One theory holds that cognition evolved in the context of individuals having to keep track of their interactions with a variety of conspecifics. In the other theory, cognition evolved in the contexts of familiar and close social relationships. In this paper, we present two experiments examining the effects of varied, familiar, and close social contacts on preschool children's literate language and story re-reading. We hypothesized, based on developmental evolutionary theory, that closeness, in the form of increased familiarity and friendship, would maximize children's expression of emotional terms, conflict/resolution cycles, collaborative responses, literate language, and story re-readings. In Study 1, children were exposed to one of two conditions. In the more familiar condition, initially unfamiliar children interacted with the same peer across four separate observations. In the less familiar, varied condition, a focal child interacted with a different unfamiliar peer on four separate occasions. Consistent with predictions, children in the more familiar condition increased their use of emotional terms and literate language and story re-reading with time. In Study 2, a familiar group (as defined in Study 1) was compared with children in bestfriend dyads. As predicted, friends outperformed familiar peers initially, but between-group differences decreased across time while children's performance in the familiar group increased across time. Results are discussed in terms of the role of familiarity in the evolution of cooperation and cognition.  相似文献   

Guidelines for Reporting and Evaluating Qualitative Research: What are the alternatives?     

Alan Reid  Stephen Gough 《Environmental Education Research》2000,6(1):59-91

There is more to guidelines for qualitative research reports than that proposed in Smith-Sebasto (2000). Our response to the article illustrates a range of alternatives to the position and criteria outlined by Smith-Sebasto. We draw on examples from across the wider literature to explore themes and issues regarding the purpose(s) of guidelines, their content and how they are structured. Our core argument is that deliberations on the process and product of judging the quality of qualitative research in environmental education research require the recognition of two points regularly contested within the literature on guidelines. Firstly, the existence of a wide variety of types, genres and forms of qualitative research; and secondly, the proposition that criteria for judging research quality contain within them, implicitly or explicitly, a defining view of what research is, and perhaps more contentiously, what it should be.  相似文献