The influence of performance level,age and gender on pacing strategy during a 100-km ultramarathon     

Andrew Renfree  Everton Crivoi do Carmo  Louise Martin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):409-415

The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of performance level, age and gender on pacing during a 100-km ultramarathon. Results of a 100-km race incorporating the World Masters Championships were used to identify differences in relative speeds in each 10-km segment between participants finishing in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of overall positions (Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Similar analyses were performed between the top and bottom 50% of finishers in each age category, as well as within male and female categories. Pacing varied between athletes achieving different absolute performance levels. Group 1 ran at significantly lower relative speeds than all other groups in the first three 10-km segments (all P < 0.01), and significantly higher relative speeds than Group 4 in the 6th and 10th (both P < 0.01), and Group 2 in the 8th (P = 0.04). Group 4 displayed significantly higher relative speeds than Group 2 and 3 in the first three segments (all P < 0.01). Overall strategies remained consistent across age categories, although a similar phenomenon was observed within each category whereby ‘top’ competitors displayed lower relative speeds than ‘bottom’ competitors in the early stages, but higher relative speeds in the later stages. Females showed lower relative starting speeds and higher finishing speeds than males. ‘Top’ and ‘bottom’ finishing males displayed differing strategies, but this was not the case within females. Although pacing remained consistent across age categories, it differed with level of performance within each, possibly suggesting strategies are anchored on direct competitors. Strategy differs between genders and differs depending on performance level achieved in males but not females.  相似文献   

MEETING THE EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL NEEDS OF SOVIET NEWCOMERS     

Sylvia F. Abrams 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(2):315-323

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PHILADELPHIA WORKS FOR INTEGRATION     

Sylvia Meek 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2):30-33

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Measuring Your Library’s Value: How to Do a Cost–Benefit Analysis for Your Public Library. By Donald S. Elliott, Glen E. Holt, Sterling W. Hayden, and Leslie E. Holt. Chicago: American Library Association, 2007. 181pp. $55.00 ($49.50, ALA members). ISBN 10-0-8389-0923-X.0.     

Measuring Your Library&#x;s Value: How to Do a Cost&#x;Benefit Analysis for Your Public Library. 《Library & information science research》2007,29(4):576-579

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Writing texts with Radical Change characteristics     

Sylvia Pantaleo 《Literacy》2007,41(1):16-25

Research has revealed how students draw upon other texts when writing their own texts. This article explores how the writing of Alyssa, a 10‐year‐old Grade 5 student, was influenced by her engagement with literature with Radical Change characteristics, as well as by her knowledge of and experience with other texts. Dresang's Radical Change taxonomy is used as a framework for analysing the storybook created by Alyssa. The article concludes with discussions of the intertextual nature of the literature used in the study, and the social nature of intertextuality in the research classroom.  相似文献   

The role of fluid reasoning in word recognition     

Julia M. Guerin  Allison M. Sylvia  Kimberly Yolton  Quintino R. Mano 《Journal of Research in Reading》2020,43(1):19-40

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How to promote conservation behaviours: the combined role of environmental education and commitment     

Raquel Barata  Paula Castro  Maria Amélia Martins-Loução 《Environmental Education Research》2017,23(9):1322-1334

This study tested the influence of both environmental education (EE) and commitment interventions among teenagers for promoting energy and water conservation at home. Conservation behaviours were measured in two ways – directly and through questionnaires – prior to and after the interventions. Results indicate (1) EE participants may have saved more energy than non-participants and (2) those signing a public commitment saved more energy and water than those who did not. Results from the questionnaire measures demonstrated the importance of EE for promoting ecological self-identity and a personal norm for energy conservation. Based on these results the use of commitment interventions in EE initiatives for promoting conservation behaviours among teenagers is proposed.  相似文献   

Bridging the 21st Century Digital Divide     

Sylvia E. Rogers 《TechTrends》2016,60(3):197-199

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Book Review     

Steve Adams  Margaret Bowes  Sylvia Lindoe  Michael Marland 《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(2):151-157

Steve Adams, Derbyshire LEA/University of Nottingham School of Education, The Evaluation of Pastoral Care, Clemett, Tony & Pearce, John, 1986, Blackwell, £5.95 pp. 180

Margaret Bowes, John Port School, Art Therapy for Groups, Marian Liebmann 1986, Croom Helm Ltd., £9.95 [Paperback], ISBN 0-7099-4108-0

Sylvia Lindoe, Westhill College, The Education of Children with Severe Learning Difficulties: Bridging the gap between Theory and Practice Coupe, J. & Porter, J. (1986), London, Croom Helm Paperback £9.95

Michael Marland, North Westminster School, “You don't have to fill in a form to have a baby” The frustrations and fulfilment of the adoption process Margaret S. Evans, 1986. Family Welfare Association. £2.95  相似文献   

Port of Entry     

Sylvia Katcher 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1-2):126-128

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