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181.
182.
We empirically test whether public R&D subsidies crowd out private R&D investment in Flanders and Germany, using firm level data from the Flemish and German part of the Community Innovation Surveys (CIS III and IV). Both the non-parametric matching estimator and the conditional difference-in-differences estimator with repeated cross-sections (CDiDRCS) clearly indicate that the crowding-out hypothesis can be rejected: funded firms are significantly more R&D active than non-funded firms. In the domain of additionality effects of R&D subsidies, this paper is the first to apply the CDiDRCS method. 相似文献
183.
Thilo Ernst Clemens Klein-Robbenhaar André Nordwig und Tobias Schrag 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,15(1):33-50
Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine werkzeugunterstützte Entwicklungsmethodik vorgestellt, die der Erstellung von Berechnungsmodellen für die Simulation
hybrider physikalisch-technischer Systeme dient. Dafür werden verschiedene Modellbeschreibungstechniken dargestellt und klassifiziert,
die anschlie?end in einen falltypischen Entwicklungsproze? eingebettet werden, der auf hybriden Erweiterungen von UML und
Z basiert. Die Simulationsumgebung Smile (http://buran.fb10.tu-berlin.de/Energietechnik/EVT\_KT/smile/) erm?glicht schlie?lich die generische Erzeugung eines ausführbaren
Simulators. Architektur und Kernkomponenten dieses Systems, wie beispielsweise L?sungsverfahren und Experimentshell, werden
eingehender diskutiert. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel illustriert den beschriebenen Entwicklungsproze?.
Eingegangen am 15. Juli 1999 / Angenommen am 12. November 1999 相似文献
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186.
Rachita Sharma Tobias Blackburn Weiwei Hu Kelly Wiltberger Orlin D. Velev 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(5)
The characterization of cell viability is a challenging task in applied biotechnology, as no clear definition of cell death exists. Cell death is accompanied with a change in the electrical properties of the membrane as well as the cell interior. Therefore, changes in the physiology of cells can be characterized by monitoring of their dielectric properties. We correlated the dielectric properties of industrially used mammalian cells, sedimented over interdigitated microelectrodes, to the AC signal response across the chip. The voltage waveforms across the electrodes were processed to obtain the circuit impedance, which was used to quantify the changes in cell viability. We observed an initial decrease in impedance, after which it remained nearly constant. The results were compared with data from the dye exclusion viability test, the cell specific oxygen uptake rate, and the online viable cell density data from capacitance probes. The microelectrode technique was found to be sensitive to physiological changes taking place inside the cells before their membrane integrity is compromised. Such accurate determination of the metabolic status during this initial period, which turned out to be less well captured in the dye exclusion tests, may be essential for several biotechnology operations. 相似文献
187.
Tobias Schoenherr 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2015,13(1):45-70
Service‐learning (SL) is a pedagogical approach in which students are assigned a course‐related project in a not‐for‐profit organization, and are tasked to apply course content to execute the project. While the benefits are multifarious, only recently have supply chain management (SCM) courses adapted this innovative teaching methodology. The present article aims to popularize this pedagogical concept by providing a detailed overview of the background, development, implementation, and success of an SL project in an undergraduate SCM course; this serves as a “how to” guide for instructors interested in implementing the approach. Compelling evidence for the value of SL is provided by data assessing the students’ learning experiences, and benefits for participating organizations are demonstrated. Caveats and challenges are noted, and ensuing best practices for SL are presented. 相似文献
188.
In their workaday life, teachers are faced with multiple complex tasks. How they carry out these tasks is also influenced by their epistemic beliefs and the beliefs they assume their pupils hold. In an empirical study, pre-service teachers’ epistemic beliefs and those they assume of their pupils were investigated in the setting of teacher education for vocational schools in Germany. Results of the empirical study point at significant inconsistencies between pre-service teachers’ beliefs, the beliefs they assume of their pupils and beliefs conducive to the curricular and didactic concept preferred for vocational schools. Partly, these inconsistencies can be explained by pre-service teachers’ learning experiences in school and university. It seems important that the education of teachers in vocational education aims at scaffolding pre-service teachers in developing beliefs that are conducive for their future profession. 相似文献
189.
Increasing numbers of consumers who engage in the development of new products are selling their innovations on online marketplaces. We contribute to the scarce research on the commercialization activities of consumer innovators by comparing the consumers’ price decisions with the pricing of firms. Our predictions build on the baseline assumption that the price decisions of consumers are influenced by the same motivations that originally prompt them to innovate. We use a sequential mixed-method approach with a quantitative main study and follow-up qualitative research. The quantitative results draw on a matched-pair analysis of 4,242 computer games released on the online game platform Steam. We find that consumer innovators charge lower prices than firms for comparable games and that consumers and firms show different inclinations in aligning prices with the games’ development costs and perceived quality. The subsequent interview study with 29 hobbyist game developers provides clear support for the motivational explanations of consumers’ pricing decisions. The findings contribute to research on consumer innovation marketing and nascent entrepreneurship. They also improve the understanding of welfare effects resulting from increasing commercial activities of consumers. 相似文献
190.
Eszter Somogyi Mollie Hamilton Lisa K. Chinn Lisa Jacquey Tobias Heed Matej Hoffmann Jeffrey J. Lockman Jacqueline Fagard J. Kevin O'Regan 《Child development》2023,94(3):e154-e165
This longitudinal study investigated the effect of experience with tactile stimulation on infants' ability to reach to targets on the body, an important adaptive skill. Infants were provided weekly tactile stimulation on eight body locations from 4 to 8 months of age (N = 11), comparing their ability to reach to the body to infants in a control group who did not receive stimulation (N = 10). Infants who received stimulation were more likely to successfully reach targets on the body than controls by 7 months of age. These findings indicate that tactile stimulation facilitates the development of reaching to the body by allowing infants to explore the sensorimotor correlations emerging from the stimulation. 相似文献