Selection Bias in Students’ Evaluation of Teaching     

Tobias Wolbring  Edgar Treischl 《Research in higher education》2016,57(1):51-71

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Use of technical terms in German biology lessons and its effects on students’ conceptual learning     

Tobias Dorfner  Christian Förtsch  Birgit J. Neuhaus 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2020,38(2):227-251

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Wer liegt am Ende der Grundschulzeit vorn?     

Frank Lipowsky  Tobias C. Stubbe  Caroline Theurer  Gabriele Faust 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2018,21(5):897-927

The number of students enrolled in private schools has been growing continuously in the past years, especially in elementary schools. There is a variety of reasons for this development. Among other expectations, parents anticipate a superior education for their children and hope for bigger academic success. However, empirical results on the effectiveness of private schools are inconsistent and ambiguous, partly because many studies used cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies investigating the development of elementary school students are especially lacking.The present study compares academic achievement gains of students enrolled in public schools to students who learned in the so-called BIP-creativity elementary schools. BIP schools are private schools that aim to promote the development of the talent, intelligence and personality of their students. This study investigates the development of students in mathematics, reading and orthography over a 4-years period.As the group of BIP-students is selected in terms of their socio-economic background, analyses were run in two ways. First, multilevel analyses controlling for student and class characteristics were performed. Second, a Propensity Score Matching based on school enrollment data was used in order to select a comparable group of students from public schools. Each BIP-student was matched to a student from the public schools that had a comparable socio-economic background and similar cognitive characteristics. Neither multilevel analyses nor mean comparisons of the matched samples could reveal any differences between the two groups of students in the three domains of academic achievement at the end of fourth grade.  相似文献   

Constructivist learning and openness to diversity and challenge in higher education environments     

Dorit Alt 《Learning Environments Research》2017,20(1):99-119

The increasing calls for diversity research signal a need to explore contemporary learning and instruction strategies that respond to diversity in courses and curricula. The major objective of this research was to measure the level of openness to diversity and challenge (ODC) among college students as a function of their perceived constructivist learning environment in traditional lecture-based courses (LBE) and seminars (SM). The study included 243 undergraduate students. Data were gathered using the Constructivist Learning in Higher Education Settings scale (CLHES), which measures students’ perceptions of the occurrence of constructivist practices in learning environments along three dimensions of constructive activity, teacher–student interaction and social activity, and the Openness to Diversity and Challenge scale. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results indicated a positive connection between the general factor of CLHES and ODC over and above several pre-entry variables such as gender and culture. According to a further SEM analysis, the social activity variable mainly explained the ODC variable whereas the teacher–student interaction factor was mainly connected to the constructive activity variable. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that students enrolled in SM perceived this environment as more constructivist and reported having higher levels of feelings of ODC than LBE students. Interpretation of these findings, in conjunction with theory, applications, and implications for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Where to go: Computational and visual what-if analyses in soccer     

Manuel Stein  Daniel Seebacher  Rui Marcelino  Tobias Schreck  Michael Grossniklaus  Daniel A. Keim 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2774-2782

ABSTRACT

To prepare their teams for upcoming matches, analysts in professional soccer watch and manually annotate up to three matches a day. When annotating matches, domain experts try to identify and improve suboptimal movements based on intuition and professional experience. The high amount of matches needing to be analysed manually result in a tedious and time-consuming process, and results may be subjective. We propose an automatic approach for the realisation of effective region-based what-if analyses in soccer. Our system covers the automatic detection of region-based faulty movement behaviour, as well as the automatic suggestion of possible improved alternative movements. As we show, our approach effectively supports analysts and coaches investigating matches by speeding up previously time-consuming work. We enable domain experts to include their domain knowledge in the analysis process by allowing to interactively adjust suggested improved movement, as well as its implications on region control. We demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed approach via an expert study with three invited domain experts, one being head coach from the first Austrian soccer league. As our results show that experts most often agree with the suggested player movement (83%), our proposed approach enhances the analytical capabilities in soccer and supports a more efficient analysis.  相似文献   

Football practice with youth players in the “Footbonaut”     

Tobias Vogt  Simon Gassen  Sören Wrede  Jan Spielmann  Martin Jedrusiak-Jung  Sascha Härtel  Jan Mayer 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):341-348

In today’s leading football training centres, state-of-the-art performance diagnostic systems such as the “Footbonaut” allow controlled and standardized assessments of physical and mental components of agility, e.g. speed of action and ball control, that are considered to be decisive for talent identification and development. However, effects of induced physical and mental strain on performing football-specific practice patterns remain to be elucidated, particularly in youth players, and, thus, characterize the purpose of this study. 33 randomly assigned competitive football players (U14 to U16) performed a standardized Footbonaut practice pattern (i.e. 20 balls randomly drawn at 50?km/h each), prior to and immediately after either mentally demanding tasks (MDT; n?=?11; continuous Vienna Test System’s Stroop task and determination test), physically demanding tasks (PDT; n?=?11; consisted of 4?×?4?min of football-specific high-intensity intervals with 3?min of active recovery in between) or a control condition (CON; n?=?11). Continuous heart rates (HR) as well as self-perceptions of fatigue were assessed. Main findings revealed performances for speed of action (p?=?0.44; f?=?0.01) and ball control (p?=?0.15; f?=?0.03) that were not modulated in the face of induced physical and mental strain as indicated by increased HR following PDT (p?<?0.001; d?>?0.8), or in the face of increased self-perceptions of fatigue following PDT and MDT (both p?<?0.001; both d?>?0.8) compared to CON. This is in line with a suggested talent factor and previous reports on motivational trade-off aspects in youth players. However, the present study’s short-timed practice patterns make it difficult to reliably compare a measuring sensitivity to complex football-specific movement behavioural and technical proficiencies with respect to mental and physical strain of longer-lasting football games and, thus, need further investigation in favour of improving talent identification and development using the Footbonaut.  相似文献   

Some Recent Developments in Teacher Education in Mathematics and Science: A Review and Commentary     

Tobias  Sheila 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1999,8(1):21-31

Teacher preparation in science and mathematics will be best served, says the author of this roundup, by improvements both in the pedagogy and content of the undergraduate science and mathematics courses required of future teachers and in the reform of required science and mathematics methods courses. In a review of the history and politics of teacher education, the author underscores the twin goals of achieving program coherence and higher standards. She compares the place of mathematics education in mathematics departments with that of science education in science departments and recommends the replacement of bare bones methods courses with those combining pedagogy and content. Included is a selective bibliography.  相似文献   

Assessing the contribution of a constructivist learning environment to academic self-efficacy in higher education     

Dorit Alt 《Learning Environments Research》2015,18(1):47-67

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The dynamics of online learning at the workplace: Peer-facilitated social learning and the application in practice     

Teresa Schaefer  Claudia Magdalena Fabian  Tobias Kopp 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(4):1406-1419

Research stresses the importance of social components in learning. The social contact with peers and tutors stimulates reflection and supports higher processes of learning necessary for the internalisation and application of new knowledge. However, merely proposing opportunities for interaction does not necessarily lead to fruitful discussion and collaboration. Social presence and facilitation are key concepts for successful mutual learning. Both are represented in Murphy’s collaboration model; social presence forms the basis of collaboration on which discussions and co-construction of knowledge evolve. Facilitation supports the entire collaboration process. In this paper, an adjusted version of Murphy’s model was applied to analyse 1085 comments shared in an online course between career practitioners of a public employment service. The results show that without a dedicated tutor, learners can still be involved in collaborative learning and co-construction of new knowledge provided that the topic under discussion is highly relevant and controversial. Learners themselves take over social presence and facilitation activities, but less frequently than when a professional tutor facilitates discussions. Ex post summative evaluation revealed that only a few learners applied the gained knowledge in the long-term. As comparisons with related research suggest, higher facilitation support leading to a higher cognitive interaction with the learning could have better supported the transfer to practice.  相似文献   

Behavioral objectives,sequence, and anxiety in CAI     

Sigmund Tobias  Phillipe C. Duchastel 《Instructional Science》1974,3(3):231-242

A total of 117 subjects were randomly assigned to a group receiving instructional objectives, or not doing so, and to a logical or random instructional sequence. Performance measures, as well as test and state anxiety scores were obtained. Regression analysis indicated that, as expected, objectives had no effect, whereas the logical sequence reduced program errors and increased achievement. Test anxiety was related to program errors, but not to achievement. Expected interactions among objectives, sequence, and anxiety were not significant.A prior version of this paper was read at the American Educational Research Association annual convention in New Orleans, La., March 1973.This study was completed while the senior author was on leave at the CAI Center, Florida State University. The present paper was completed at the City University of New York.  相似文献