Longitudinal comparisons of wechsler scales in educable mentally handicapped children and adults     

Tony L. Carvajal  J. Melvin Lane  Dennis A. Gay 《Psychology in the schools》1984,21(2):137-140

The change in IQ scores over an extended period of time (approximately 17 years) of subjects who had been placed in classes for the Educable Mentally Handicapped was investigated. Analysis indicated that a significant difference existed between WISC scores administered at the time of initial placement (mean age, 11–9) and WAIS scores administered at a later date (mean age, 17–6). In addition, although a difference was revealed with respect to WAIS scores when the students were divided into two groups based upon initial WISC scores (⩽70 vs. >70), it was determined that the change was in a uniform fashion over time; i.e., neither regression nor interaction effects were detected. A final analysis revealed that those students who were located for a follow-up testing approximately 10 years later (mean age 28–8) continued to show a significant increase in IQ scores. The importance placed upon IQ scores for initial placement of students in EMH programs appears to remain suspect.  相似文献   

‘Vél’ d’Hiv’ six-day race: the spirit of Paris during the twenties     

Thomas Bauer  Tony Froissart 《Sport in History》2017,37(1):76-94

The Vélodrome d’Hiver, known colloquially as ‘Vél’ d’Hiv’, was a major sports venue located in Paris, not far from the Eiffel Tower. Used for ice hockey, boxing, wrestling and other events, it was above all the scene of a famous cycling competition: the Six-Day Race. It enjoyed such success that it became a source of artistic inspiration, both in painting, literature and film. La Ronde infernale (Infernal Circle), a feature film released in French cinemas in 1928, for example, shows how writer and director Henri Decoin and producer Luitz-Morat, captured the venue, race and popular fervour to depict, with precision and empathy, a typical scene of Parisian life in the 1920s. However, far from being a mere portrait of a bygone era, this film, in the same way as all subsequent figurative portrayals, helped to immortalise this site and establish it in the collective memory, to such an extent that it became a ‘living metaphor’ in Paris. In short, by adopting the principles related to the social history of representations, this paper aims to identify the importance of figurative space in general, and cinema in particular, in the historical, memorial and heritage construction of an ancient temple of French sport.  相似文献   

Electroencephalographic functional equivalence during observation of action     

Holmes P  Collins D  Calmels C 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(6):605-616

The purpose of this study was to examine the variability in cortical activation during physical air-rifle shooting and three different observation conditions. Elite air-rifle shooters performed a 40 shot individual match. Electroencephalograms were recorded from 11 active sites across the cortex during the final 6 s (3 x 2 s epochs) before shot release. Data collection was repeated while shooters watched a large-screen video of their worst shot performance from an internal-visual perspective when seated, standing and standing holding their rifle. The hypothesized differences between the three observation conditions and the physical shooting profile were not shown except at the left anterior temporal site, T5. This finding suggests that observation of performance cannot be differentiated clearly by posture or modified through kinetic and haptic afference, and that visual percepts predominate in observational functional equivalence. However, more functionally equivalent observation reduced the observation/execution variability over the temporal areas. Performer debriefs also identified different perceptions of physiological, psychological and behavioural functional equivalence associated with the different observation conditions. We conclude that elite performers' brains are accessed equally effectively during different observation conditions irrespective of some of the physical factors ascribed to the conditions. However, they may require more functionally matched conditions to attain greater equivalence in temporal areas.  相似文献   

The coaching schematic: validation through expert coach consensus   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Abraham A  Collins D  Martindale R 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(6):549-564

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Systematic review of the evidence to support expert practice in the education and care of children and young people with special educational needs and disability in the UK     

Laura Clarry  Annie Wood  Tony Long 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2023,23(3):175-198

Scopus, EBSCO, ERIC and British Education Index were interrogated in a systematic review of primary research since 2014 addressing expert practice and outcomes in education and care for young people with special educational needs and disability in the UK. Grey literature and studies of medical settings, preschool children, mainstream education or professional education were excluded. Quality was gauged by effect sizes, risk of bias and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. The search identified 7058 items. Twenty-eight studies were included, with 1839 participants of 4–22 years. Risk of bias was low, with effect sizes from small to extremely large. The qualitative studies were rigorous. Expert practice with positive outcomes was evidenced in comprehensive assessment, enhancing engagement and personalised interventions. Correction of visual problems, use of humanoid robots, and tested models were generally effective. There was rigorous evidence for efficacy of frameworks and reasonable evidence for creative approaches to physical activity. Drama lessons were valued. Standing frame use improved peer interaction or caused segregation. Disparity between problem identification and planned support in education health and care plans, and addressing personal and physical health factors were problematic. The voice of young people was lacking. More training was required in augmented and alternative communication.  相似文献   

Critical Steps: How to Identify and Manage the Most Important Human Performance Risks in Operations     

Tony Muschara 《Performance Improvement》2014,53(9):11-21

A critical step is a human action that will trigger immediate, irreversible, and intolerable harm to an asset if that action or a preceding action is performed improperly. Critical steps occur anytime human performance involves a substantial transfer of energy, or the movement of solids, liquids, and gases, or the transmission of data and information that, if not performed under control, could cause serious harm to one or more important assets. Accidents occur when front‐line production personnel lose control of such transfers during work.  相似文献   

Lessons from Adult Education: Identifying and Exploring Emerging Ethical Issues in Technologically Enhanced Performance     

Christie Knittel Mabry  Tony O'Driscoll 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2003,16(4):78-93

Technologically Enhanced Performance (TEP) is the application of technology to improve the performance of knowledge workers. TEP is both an intellectual and ideological complement to the field of Adult Education. As such, much can be learned about ethical issues associated with implementing TEP from the established research and literature base in Adult Education. The application of TEP in organizations brings to light at least six as‐yet‐unresolved ethical dilemmas that have been identified through empirical research of Adult Education/ Training and Development practitioners: Confidentiality, Ownership of Instructional Materials, Conflicts of Interest, Finance and Financial Issues, Evaluating Student Performance, and Professional Competence and Credentials (Gordon & Sork, 2001; McDonald & Wood, 1993). Essential to resolving these issues is a framework for effective ethical decision making. McDonald's model on ways to reconcile ethical dilemmas in practice proposes that individual characteristics, the organization's ethical environment, and the profession's views of ethics are key factors which can contribute to this framework for ethical decision making. As organizations wrestle with these ethical issues in TEP, they should consider how well they support ethical decision making.  相似文献