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731.
Children gradually develop interpretive theory of mind (iToM)—the understanding that different people may interpret identical events or stimuli differently. The present study tested whether more advanced iToM underlies children’s recognition that map symbols’ meanings must be communicated to others when symbols are iconic (resemble their referents). Children (6–9 years; N = 80) made maps using either iconic or abstract symbols. After accounting for age, intelligence, vocabulary, and memory, iToM predicted children’s success in communicating symbols’ meaning to a naïve map‐user when mapping tasks involved iconic (but not abstract) symbols. Findings suggest children’s growing appreciation of alternative representations and of the intentional assignment of meaning, and support the contention that ToM progresses beyond mastery of false belief. 相似文献
732.
Tony Xing Tan Linda A. CamrasHuihua Deng Minghao ZhangZuhong Lu 《Early childhood research quarterly》2012,27(1):128
This study seeks to extend previous research on family stress, parenting, and child adjustment to families with adopted Chinese children. In doing so, we also seek to strengthen inferences regarding the experiential underpinnings of previously obtained relationships among these variables by determining if they also occur in families where parents and children are not biologically related. Participants were families of 133 preschool-age adopted Chinese girls (Mage = 5.2 years, SD = 0.7; Mage at adoption = 12.8 months, SD = 4.1). Data on family stress, parenting styles, and children's behavioral adjustment were collected from the adoptive mothers with the Social Problem Questionnaire (SPQ), Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) respectively. Results showed that adoptive mothers reported relatively mild family stress, frequent authoritative parenting, and few behavior problems in their children. Nonetheless, family stress, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles positively correlated with children's behavioral problems. Finally, authoritarian parenting mediated the effect of non-child-related family stress (NCR-stress) on the adopted Chinese girls’ CBCL internalizing and overall problems, even after controlling for corresponding CBCL scores from 2 years earlier. Our results showed that the overall pattern of relationships found in non-adoptive families is also seen in families with adopted Chinese children. 相似文献
733.
In underscoring the affective elements of mathematics experience, we work with contemporary readings of the work of Spinoza on the politics of affect, to understand what is included in the cognitive repertoire of the Subject. We draw on those resources to tell a pedagogical tale about the relation between cognition and affect in settings of mathematical learning. Our interest is first captured in the way in which one teacher’s priority of establishing an inclusive learning community occasionally harboured what appeared to be pedagogically restrictive conceptions of mathematics. Yet, the classroom practices that produced these conceptions promoted the students’ motivation and provided meaningful access to mathematical learning within the classroom collectivity. In a second example, the postponement of scientific encapsulation in bodily imitations of planetary movement kept alive a shared dynamic sense of an elliptical orbit. In both of these cases, we draw on Spinoza’s work to show how the affectivity of classroom practice constituted conceptions of cognition and of mathematical activity crucially linked to the imperatives of participation. 相似文献
734.
735.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a parameter derived from the serum creatinine, patient age and gender and is used to ascertain renal function. It is subject to variation because of the analytical error of the creatinine measurement and biological variation. The widespread use of the eGFR to classify renal disease has led to the identification of more patients with marginal chronic kidney disease but because of the uncertainty of the eGFR it has also led to over-diagnosis of some kidney disease. There is a well described age relation with eGFR.The uncertainty of the eGFR at the critical decision level of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 is calculated to be 11. Caution needs to be exercised when interpreting an eGFR between 49 and 71 mL/min/1.73 m2. 相似文献
736.
Tony Crocker 《High Ability Studies》1993,4(2):212-216
During the last thirty years the annual dropout rate from universities in Britain has been fairly constant at around 14 percent In 1990 the financial cost of this carnage was estimated at £ 60,000,000. This study was concerned with 204 highly able students — as measured by school examination successes – who dropped out of universities by the end of the first year of study. Very few did so because the work was too difficult. Despite 45 percent saying they had left “because University did not suit them,” starting again in a new university was a common feature. The students were very unaware of the stress factors associated with leaving home to start life in a new community, and usually did not seem to have counselling support to overcome this early hurdle. Evidence from other studies suggests that the nonresponders were probably less successful in mending their lives than the responders. 相似文献
737.
738.
739.
Helen Burchell Tony Higgs Susan Murray Tony Higgs Susan Murray 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1999,24(3):315-326
An action research project concerning the development of clinical assessment procedures in radiography education investigated the views of university‐based clinical lecturers and hospital radiographers concerning the existing assessment framework. Based on the outcomes of this initial review a revised summative assessment tool was developed, including assessment of professional conduct as well as technical competence. Evaluative comment from radiographers and students on the trialling of the tool was positive, and would seem to indicate a sound basis for further development. 相似文献
740.