TIScover – Eine generische Plattform für webbasierte Tourismusinformationssysteme     

Birgit Pr?ll  Werner Retschitzegger und Roland Wagner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,16(1):1-13

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Prediction of intelligence and achievement at ten years from twenty months pediatric and psychologic examinations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E E Werner  M P Honzik  R S Smith 《Child development》1968,39(4):1063-1075

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Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football     

Helsen W  Bultynck JB 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(2):179-189

The aim of this study was to examine the physical and perceptual-cognitive demands imposed on UEFA top-class referees and assistant referees during the final round of the Euro 2000 Championship. To investigate the physical workload, the heart rates during matches were monitored by short-range radio telemetry and translated to different workloads expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate. For measurement of the perceptual-cognitive workload, video-recordings of games were used to obtain the average number of observable decisions taken by a referee. On average, referees and assistant referees performed the matches at 85 +/- 5% and 77 +/- 7% of their maximal heart rate, respectively. Over the 31 games, the mean number of observable decisions was 137 (range 104-162), 64% of which were based on communication with the assistant referees and/or the fourth official. To optimize the physical preparation of top-class match officials, the results of this study support the application of intensive and intermittent training sessions, which should place priority on high-intensity aerobic stimuli. In addition, video training is discussed as an additional method for improving match officials' decision making.  相似文献   

Positionierungen zu „Elite“ und „Exzellenz“ in gymnasialen Bildungsregionen – Eine „Gretchenfrage“ für Schulleiter exklusiver Gymnasien?     

Werner Helsper  Mareke Niemann  Anja Gibson  Lena Dreier 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(3):203-219

Looking at two urban higher education regions, in this paper we investigate the question of which positions head teachers of “exclusive” German gymnasiums adopt with regard to concepts such as ‘elite’, ‘excellence’ and thus also to schools’ attempts to distinguish their own profiles in the education system, all the while bearing in mind the context of public discourses about ‘elite’ and ‘excellence’. In doing so, we reconstruct four modes of dealing with the elite concept. All of these modes—even the most positive references—show that for “exclusive” German Gymnasiums the term ‘elite’ is precariously situated, associated as it is with a considerable need for legitimation. By contrast, it is not problematic to refer to a meritocratic elite concept that involves functional academic and leadership elites in the sense of excellence. On the other hand, any association of these upper secondary schools with power, financial and business elites does seem highly problematic and is vehemently rejected. This clear rejection occurs—and this is the central thesis of this article—because otherwise meritocracy itself, as the hegemonic academic form of legitimation, would be threatened to its very core.  相似文献   

Robuste Indizes für Projection Pursuit     

Tobias Rohatsch  Gerhard P?ppel und Heinrich Werner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2002,17(2):53-59

Zusammenfassung.   Die moderne und hoch komplexe Fertigung, z.B. in der Halbleiterindustrie, erfordert für die dabei anfallenden Messdaten der Anlagen- bzw. Prozessparameter multivariate Analysemethoden. Eine dieser m?glichen Analysemethoden ist Projection Pursuit (PP). Dieses Verfahren ist durch geschickte Wahl des so genannten Projektionsindex in der Lage, verschiedenste Datencharakteristika zu detektieren und diese auf anschauliche Weise zu visualisieren. Bei den Projektionsindizes handelt es sich um Funktionen, die eine Projektion auf unterschiedliche Merkmale hin bewerten und dabei jeder Projektion einen Funktionswert zuweisen. Dieser Funktionswert spiegelt die Aussagekraft der Projektion (in Abh?ngigkeit vom verwendeten Index) wider. Die Auswahl bzw. der Aufbau dieser Indizes ist hierbei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Alle hier vorgestellten Indizes zeichnen sich vor allem durch ihren robusten Charakter gegenüber durch Ausrei?er kontaminierte Daten, wie sie in realen Datenszenarien vorkommen, aus. Die durch Anwendung dieser Indizes gewonnenen Einblicke in die komplexe Struktur der Daten erm?glichen es, hochdimensionale Parameterabweichungen und komplexe Zusammenh?nge innerhalb der Daten zu finden. Eingegangen am 11. Februar 2002 / Angenommen am 14. Mai 2002  相似文献   

Semantic structures of one-step word problems involving multiplication or division     

Siegbert Smidt  Werner Weiser 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1995,28(1):55-72

From classifications of word problems in international discussion of elementary mathematics instruction as well as from conceptual elaborations of didactical analyses in Germany, a classification of semantic structures of one-step word problems involving multiplication or division is proposed, comprehending four main classes: Forming the n-th multiple of measurers, combinatorial multiplication, composition of operators, and multiplication by formula. This classification is more comprehensive and differentiated than the classifications of Vergnaud (1983), Nesher (1988), and Bellet al. (1989) — aiming at a better assignment between diverse contextual circumstances and conceptual demands of mathematics and at compatibility with the well-known semantic structures of addition and subtraction word problems.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

J. K. Lindsey  Arthur W. Foshay  W. D. Halls  Sid Bourke  R. Murray Thomas  Michael J. McRory  J. Keith Watson  M. K. Raina  David Phillips  S. Anandalakshmy  Klaus Künzel  Hans Werner Heymann  Edmund King  Ronald Taft 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1982,28(3):377-399

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Classical conditioning of vocalizations in the rat: Acoustic characteristics of the CR and UCR     

Werner Nitschke 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(4):457-460

Classically conditioned shock-elicited vocalizations in the adult rat were acoustically analyzed and described, The fundamental frequency of the CRs ranged between 2,000 and 3,600 Hz, with overtones that extended well into the ultrasonic range and with durations lasting approximately 1÷2 sec. Major differences between CR and UCR signals were apparent. The CR vocalizations had little frequency variation and little or no noise, while the UCR vocalizations were associated with highly irregular frequencies and broad-band noise. Post-shock vocalizations had combined features of the CR and UCR sounds. It is suggested that the differences between the CR and UCR are related to the CR being the emotional cry and the UCR the pain cry.  相似文献   

Delayed discriminations in the pigeon: The role of within-trial location of conditional cues     

Werner K. Honig  Peter W. D. Dodd 《Learning & behavior》1983,11(1):1-9

Four pigeons were trained in a delayed conditional discrimination in which color and line cues jointly indicated trial outcome. These were either combined in advance of a retention interval (RI) or separately presented before and after the RI. The former procedure resulted in less forgetting over the RI, the difference increasing with longer RIs. In a second study, the line cue was presented redundantly before and after the RI, and then selectively omitted from either temporal location during probe tests. In general, the results indicated that the birds relied upon the line as a cue to a greater extent when it was compounded with the color in advance of the RI than when it was presented after the RI. The data support an interpretation based on anticipatory processing in working memory, which leads to better retention than retrospective remembering.  相似文献   

Mechanismen der Elitebildung im deutschen Bildungssystem     

Prof. Dr. Heinz-Hermann Krüger  Werner Helsper  Reinhold Sackmann  Georg Breidenstein  Ulrich Br?ckling  Reinhard Kreckel  Johanna Mierendorff  Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2012,15(2):327-343

The German education system is currently experiencing two contrasting trends: On the one hand, social opening, e.g. through the introduction of a partially-integrated secondary school system, compensatory all-day-schooling. On the other hand, an increasing vertical hierarchy in certain educational phases, e.g. through the explicitly encouraged introduction of private kindergartens and primary schools and the establishment of prime (academic track) Gymnasien and elite universities. In line with these structural changes, next to equality, the principle of excellence is gaining an increasing significance as a justification argument. This contribution will present the situation from an education-policy perspective, discuss theoretical discourses, and the national and international state of research on the topic of elitism and education. It will close with future research challenges.  相似文献