在群体创造性学习运化动力中修炼身心能量     

美达.胡斯曼  张成林 《人天科学研究》1999,8(2):24-28

组织机械认知论和知识管理学领域中的一个关键问题是：在什么条件下领导和群体创造性学习运化动力的能量可以持续和增长,又如何在实践群体内部及不同实践群体之间,开发这种增加集体认知能力和知识创造力的动力？通过近期挪威北海上的一个石油井架极有创新的设计过程,运用元极理论阐明这个问题。  相似文献   

Ability of test measures to predict competitive performance in elite swimmers     

Anderson M  Hopkins W  Roberts A  Pyne D 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(2):123-130

The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between changes in test measures and changes in competition performance for individual elite swimmers. The 24 male and 16 female swimmers, who were monitored for 3.6 years (s = 2.5), raced in a major competition at the end of each 6-month season (3.6 competitions, s = 2.2). A 7 x 200-m incremental swimming step-test and anthropometry were conducted in up to four training phases each season. Correlations of changes in step-test and anthropometry measures between training phases and seasons with changes in competition performance between seasons were derived with repeated-measures mixed-modelling and linear regression. Changes in competition performance were best tracked by changes in test measures between taper phases. The best single predictor of competition performance was skinfolds for females (r = -0.53). The best predictor from the step-test was stroke rate at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) (females: r = 0.46; males: r = 0.41); inclusion of the second-best step-test predictor in a multiple linear regression improved the correlations (females: r = 0.52 with speed in the seventh step included; males: r = 0.58 with peak lactate concentration included). In conclusion, a combination of fitness and technique factors is important for competitive performance. The step-test is a useful adjunct in a swimmer's training preparation for tracking large changes in performance.  相似文献   

束手无策?回归初心     

Will Donnelly  Cass 《英语辅导》2013,(1):20-23

"初学者的思维饱含可能,久习者的思维饱受羁绊。"——禅修大师铃木俊隆多年前,我还是一个瑜伽学生时,就在想象教授瑜伽会是件多么美妙的事。作为一个初学者,我总能接受新思想:我开始对瑜伽练习产生了狂热的兴趣,我就  相似文献   

Postsecondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and deliberate practice: Study time,study quality,and self-perceptions     

Will Lindstrom  Jason M. Nelson  Patricia Foels 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(1):44-61

The current study examined study habits of postsecondary students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through the theoretical context of deliberate practice. The responses of participants with and without ADHD were compared on a survey of study time, study quality, and self-perceptions of study habits, as well as a measure of test anxiety. Groups were equivalent on reports of study time and time spent in other activities, percentage of classes they attend, use of conducive study environments, and planning of studying. Despite similar study behaviors, ADHD participants were more likely to feel unprepared for tests, reported significantly higher test anxiety, and had lower grade point averages. Regardless of ADHD status, the majority of study participants were not implementing deliberate practice behaviors, with the exception of class attendance, and study times fell far below recommended levels. Findings provided evidence that emulating the study behaviors of peers is not sufficient for students with ADHD to experience similar outcomes.  相似文献   

Quiet eye predicts goaltender success in deflected ice hockey shots†     

Derek Panchuk  Joan N. Vickers  Will G. Hopkins 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):93-99

Abstract

In interceptive timing tasks, long quiet eye (QE) durations at the release point, along with early tracking on the object, allow performers to couple their actions to the kinematics of their opponent and regulate their movements based on emergent information from the object's trajectory. We used a mobile eye tracker to record the QE of eight university-level ice hockey goaltenders of an equivalent skill level as they responded to shots that deflected off a board placed to their left or right, resulting in a trajectory with low predictability. QE behaviour was assessed using logistic regression and magnitude-based inference. We found that when QE onset occurred later in the shot (950?±?580?ms, mean?±?SD) there was an increase in the proportion of goals allowed (41% vs. 22%) compared to when QE onset occurred earlier. A shorter QE duration (1260?±?630?ms) predicted a large increase in the proportion of goals scored (38% vs. 14%). More saves occurred when QE duration (2074?±?47?ms) was longer. An earlier QE offset (2004?±?66?ms) also resulted in a large increase in the number of goals allowed (37% vs. 11%) compared to a later offset (2132?±?41?ms). Since an early, sustained QE duration contributed to a higher percentage of saves, it is important that coaches develop practice activities that challenge the goaltender's ability to fixate the puck early, as well as sustain a long QE fixation on the puck until after it is released from the stick.  相似文献   

The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball     

Montgomery PG  Pyne DB  Hopkins WG  Dorman JC  Cook K  Minahan CL 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(11):1135-1145

To evaluate the effectiveness of recovery strategies on physical performance during a 3-day tournament style basketball competition, 29 male players (mean age 19.1 years, s= 2.1; height 1.84 m, s= 0.34; body mass 88.5 kg, s= 14.7) were assigned to one of three treatment groups: carbohydrate+stretching (7.7 g kg(-1) day(-1), s= 1.7; 'n = 9), cold water immersion (11 degrees C, 5 x 1; n = 10) or full leg compression garments (18 mmHg, approximately 18 h; n = 10). Effects of the recovery strategies on pre-post tournament performance tests were expressed as the mean change (% +/- standard deviation of the change score). Changes and differences were standardized for accumulated game time, assessed against the smallest worthwhile change for each test, and reported qualitatively. Accumulated fatigue was evident over the tournament with small to moderate impairments in performance tests. Sprint and agility performance decreased by 0.7% (s = 1.3) and 2.0% (s = 1.9) respectively. Vertical jump decreased substantially after the first day for all treatments, and remained suppressed post-tournament. Cold water immersion was substantially better in maintaining 20-m acceleration with only a 0.5% (s = 1.4) reduction in 20-m time after 3 days compared with a 3.2% (s = 1.6) reduction for compression. Cold water immersion (-1.4%, s = 1.7) and compression (-1.5%, s = 1.7) showed similar substantial benefits in maintaining line-drill performance over the tournament, whereas carbohydrate+stretching elicited a 0.4% (s =1.8) reduction. Sit-and-reach flexibility decreased for all groups, although cold water immersion resulted in the smallest reduction in flexibility. Basketball tournament play elicited small to moderate impairments in physical test performance. In conclusion, cold water immersion appears to promote better restoration of physical performance measures than carbohydrate + stretching routines and compression garments.  相似文献   

Changes in player characteristics and match activities in Bledisloe Cup rugby union from 1972 to 2004     

Quarrie KL  Hopkins WG 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(8):895-903

To illustrate changes in elite rugby union match activities, we analysed coded videotape recordings of the first match in each Bledisloe Cup series played between Australia and New Zealand from 1972 to 2004. We also analysed the stature and body mass of players. Effects associated with professionalism, weather conditions, and time (expressed as change per decade) were estimated with a simple generalized linear model and standardized for interpretation of magnitude. The sample size permitted confident conclusions about effects that were of at least moderate magnitude (standardized mean difference >0.6). Increases in passes, tackles, rucks, tries, and ball-in-play time were associated with the advent of professionalism, whereas there were reductions in the numbers of lineouts, mauls, kicks in play, and in mean participation time per player. Noteworthy time trends were an increase in the number of rucks and a decrease in the number of scrums. Good weather conditions were associated with increases in tries and points scored and with reductions in the number of kicks in play and participation time per player. With the advent of professionalism, players have become heavier and backs have become taller. Overall, there have been major changes in international rugby match activities and player size over the past three decades. We believe law changes and developments in match analysis, equipment technology, and player training have contributed to the changes associated with the introduction of professionalism.  相似文献   

The association of objectively determined physical activity behavior among adolescent female friends     

Schofield L  Mummery WK  Schofield G  Hopkins W 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(2):9-15

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which physical activity among adolescent female friends is interdependent. The participants were 318 adolescent girls with a mean age of 16.0 years (range: 15-18 years). Pedometry was used to assess physical activity over 4 days. The relationship between an individual girl and her first-nominated reciprocal friend's physical activity level was moderate (r = 0.45, 90% confidence interval = 0.31, 0.56), when the friendship was nonreciprocal it was trivial (r = -.06, 90% confidence interval = -.36 .25). Friends'physical activity levels explained between 27% and 32% of an individual's pedometer-determined physical activity level. Reciprocity of friendship is an important variable to consider when understanding the relationship between adolescent female friends' physical activity. When friendships are reciprocal, there is a stronger relationship between friends' physical activity.  相似文献   

Developing Professional Services Staff to Enhance The Student Experience     

John Trantom  Will Reid 《New Review of Academic Librarianship》2013,19(2):190-207

This article outlines how cultural change was achieved for enhancing the student experience. The engagement and development of staff and a model of partnership is presented that delivered new services and developments. The change is disclosed from a staff development perspective including an examination of differentiation and what makes a good facilitator. The relevance of the facilitator's own continuing professional development is considered before reflecting on the authors’ delivery of a conference workshop in the north west of England to promote the techniques. It is hoped that the reader will critique the approach and embrace elements for their own practice.  相似文献   

Investigating the relationships between informal learning and player involvement in digital games     

Ioanna Iacovides  James Aczel  Eileen Scanlon  Will Woods 《Learning, Media and Technology》2012,37(3):321-327

In the last few years, digital games have become increasingly popular with both ‘hardcore’ and ‘casual’ audiences. At the same time, it has been argued that games can be powerful learning environments, since they are seen to encourage active and critical learning through participation in affinity groups and semiotic domains but there is a need for further empirical evidence to explore how this participation occurs and how prevalent it actually is. In addition the effectiveness of games within education indicates mixed results, though it has been suggested that this may indicate that learning through immersive worlds involves a more complex understanding of learning, one that is not so easy to tie to specified learning outcomes. It would seem the area would benefit from research that seeks to develop our understanding of how player involvement and learning come together in this context. This paper presents the preliminary results of a survey carried out in order to explore these issues. The initial findings suggest that how a player identifies as a gamer relates to what they think they gain from their gaming experiences with respect to learning.  相似文献