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91.
Stefanyshyn D Fusco C 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2004,3(1):55-66
The purposes of this investigation were to determine if increasing the bending stiffness of sprint shoes increases sprinting performance and to determine whether simple anthropometric factors can be used to predict shoe bending stiffness for optimal performance. Thirty-four athletes were tested using four different shoe conditions--a standard condition consisting of their currently used footwear and three conditions where the bending stiffness was increased systematically. The sprinters performed maximal effort 40 m sprints and their sprint times were recorded from 20 to 40 m. On average, increasing the shoe bending stiffness increased sprint performance. The stiffness each athlete required for his or her maximal performance was subject specific but was not related to subject mass, height, shoe size or skill level. It is speculated that individual differences in the force-length and force-velocity relationships of the calf muscles may influence the appropriate shoe stiffness for each athlete to obtain their maximal performance. 相似文献
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This study examined the effects of pre‐structuring discussion threads on group performance in computer‐supported collaborative argumentation where students labeled their messages as arguments, challenges, supporting evidence, and explanations on a threaded discussion board. In the pre‐structured group students were required to post supporting and opposing arguments to designated and separate discussion threads. In the control group no discussion threads were designated for posting supporting and opposing arguments. The mean number of challenges elicited per argument was 64% greater with pre‐structured threads (ES = +.47). No significant differences were found in the mean number of counter‐challenges, supporting evidence, and explanations posted in reply to challenges. The findings suggest that prestructured discussion threads can increase the frequency of argument→challenge exchanges needed to initiate critical discourse. 相似文献
94.
Darren A. Moore Ruth Gwernan-Jones Michelle Richardson Daniel Racey Morwenna Rogers Ken Stein 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2016,21(1):61-82
School-based non-pharmacological interventions are an important part of the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to systematically review qualitative literature relating to the experience of and attitudes towards school-based non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD. Systematic searches of 20 electronic databases were undertaken. Reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full reports of studies, before extracting data and critically appraising 33 included papers. Studies were synthesised using meta-ethnographic methods. Four-key interrelated themes were identified: (1) individualising interventions, (2) structure of interventions, (3) barriers to effectiveness, (4) perceived moderators and impact of interventions. The perceived effectiveness of interventions used in school settings is reported to vary. Therefore, flexible, tailored interventions ought to hold potential. However, highly individualised interventions may negatively affect children with ADHD. Findings point to the need for school-based interventions to take into account the wider school context, as well as core symptoms of ADHD. 相似文献
95.
In response to a Critical Notice published in these pages by Roberts (Vol. 32/1,2001), this article notes several specific
reservations with regard to Shor's model of empowerment as outlined in When Students Have Power (1996). The original book documents one critical educator's attempts at negotiating power in a college classroom setting.
While respecting Shor's bold efforts to craft a liberatory pedagogy, the author draws attention to specific inconsistencies
and shortfalls in both the theory and practice described. The article offers a critical examination of problematic features
of Shor's classroom practices and research methodology, in addition to concerns with both substantive and stylistic elements
of his written account. 相似文献
96.
Course: Civil discourse, argumentation, debate, persuasion, political communication
Objectives: This unit activity will help students build an understanding of civil discourse and its function in society. Students will: (1) increase their capacity to examine arguments critically, (2) enhance their own ability to self-reflect critically, and (3) improve their ability to engage in civil discourse. This activity will employ inquiry-based learning strategies to apply students’ understanding of civil discourse in a dialogue with the broader campus community by partnering with campus media to develop and publish original opinion-editorial pieces. 相似文献
97.
Previous studies have linked footwear traction to lower extremity non-contact injury; however, these studies mainly focussed on rotational traction exclusively. While studies have shown that increases in traction lead to increases in joint loading, represented by joint moments, these studies failed to determine how the individual components of rotational and translational traction affect joint loading. Therefore, this study investigated how each component of traction independently affects lower extremity joint loading. Traction testing was performed using a robotic testing machine on three shoes that had independent alterations of translational and rotational traction. All testing was conducted on a sample piece of artificial turf. Kinematic and kinetic data were then collected on 10 athletes performing two cutting movements in each shoe condition. As rotational and translational traction were independently altered, decreased rotational traction led to significant decreases in transverse and frontal plane joint loading at the ankle and knee joints, while increases in translational traction led to increases in frontal plane joint loading at the ankle and knee joints. Increases in joint loading in the transverse and frontal planes are one of the possible mechanisms of lower extremity non-contact injury. Both translational and rotational traction can independently alter the joint loading. 相似文献
98.
Ian Kinchin Anesa Hosein Emma Medland Simon Lygo-Baker Steven Warburton Darren Gash 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2017,41(2):155-171
After spending a year working on the development of a new online Master’s programme in higher education, members of the development team were interviewed to reveal their thoughts about the nature of the programme. The dialogue of each interview was summarised as a concept map. Analysis of the resulting maps included a modified Bernsteinian analysis of the focus of the concepts included in terms of their semantic gravity (i.e. closeness to context) and the degree of resonance with the underpinning regulative discourse of the programme. Data highlight a number of potential issues for programme delivery that centre around the use of appropriate language to manage student expectations in relation to the process of learning and the emotional responses this can stimulate, as well as the tensions that can be foregrounded between the demands of teaching and research within a university environment. 相似文献
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A common perception exists in the media that university instructors are a liberal elite who use their positions to instill a biased perspective in their students. Exploring student attitudes in the United States and Australia, the present study examined how students’ academic beliefs are related to their inferences of instructor ideological bias and the degree to which they identify as reacting to these inferences in the college classroom. Results of regression analysis using previously validated survey instruments revealed that students’ academic entitlement and grade orientation (GO) predicted perceptions of instructor bias. In addition, students’ GO predicted students’ reactions to such inferred bias. Institutional differences, pedagogical implications, and areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Cultural Studies of Science Education - This commentary discusses SSIs in relation to environmental ethics. In their article, Augusto Macalalag Jr., Joseph Johnson and Michelle Lai note tensions... 相似文献