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951.
952.
Kernic MA Wolf ME Holt VL McKnight B Huebner CE Rivara FP 《Child abuse & neglect》2003,27(11):1231-1246
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between children's exposure to maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) and behavior problems as measured by the parent report version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). METHODS: The study population was comprised of 167 2- to 17-year-old children of Seattle women with police-reported or court-reported intimate partner abuse. The CBCL normative population served as the comparison group. Risk of behavior problems was calculated among the exposed children, in the presence and absence of a history of reported child maltreatment, relative to the normative population. Multiple logistic regression served as the primary method of analysis. RESULTS: Children exposed to maternal IPV were more likely to have borderline to clinical level scores on externalizing (i.e., aggressive, delinquent) behavior (RR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.1) and total behavioral problems (RR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) compared to the CBCL normative sample after adjusting for age and sex. Children who were exposed to maternal IPV and were victims of child maltreatment were more likely to receive borderline to clinical level scores on internalizing (i.e., anxious, depressed) behaviors (RR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.6), externalizing (i.e., aggressive, delinquent) behaviors (RR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.0) and total behavioral problems (RR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2) compared to the CBCL normative sample after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to maternal IPV is significantly associated with child behavioral problems both in the presence and absence of co-occurring child maltreatment. Appropriate attention to the mental health of children living in households with IPV is needed. 相似文献
953.
The authors examine how counselor educators can become involved in professional development schools to create enhanced training opportunities for school counseling internship students. The benefits of collaboration between university and public school faculties are explored, and research opportunities are discussed. Counselor educators' expertise in research and program evaluation, combined with school counselors' pragmatic experience in dealing with real‐life issues, may promote best practices in the schools and improved training for school counselors and can set the stage for collaboration as an educational team at the preservice level. 相似文献
954.
Helen S. Kowalski Shirley R. Wyver Corresponding author Grace Masselos Philip de Lacey 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2005,25(1):55-65
Forty‐eight toddlers aged 17 to 31 months attending long‐day childcare participated in this project, which examined some of the influences of the day‐care context on their emerging pretend play. Ninety minutes of video‐taped observations were collected for each participant as they engaged in free play with their same‐age peers and their pre‐school‐aged peers. The play environment was assessed on a number of dimensions, including the provision of play materials, the quality of care and staff attitudes toward play. Additionally, the participants' weekly attendance pattern was taken into consideration. The complexity of pretend play was coded in accordance with Westby's Symbolic Play Scale (1991). Two components of the long‐day childcare context—play with pre‐school‐aged peers and the unsatisfactory provision of play materials—were found to be significantly influential on the participants' complexity of pretend play. An attendance of four or more days in childcare was also found to be favourable. A number of implications for educational programming in the day‐care context arise from these results. 相似文献
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957.
This paper presents a study which explored creative pieces made by student midwives during an educational session on spirituality in relation to midwifery.
Background
Exploration of methods of teaching relating to midwifery has been limited, specifically relating to effective learning about spirituality. There is a current expectation in the UK that student midwives will be able to meet spiritual needs as part of a holistic approach to care. However, there has been limited exploration in the literature of ways to facilitate this learning. Creative art has been suggested to be a way of exploring personal spirituality; therefore we have introduced this option in an attempt to enable exploration of the concepts of spirituality.Method
A group of 16 midwifery students in their second year were initially present in the session. Retrospective exploration of five creative pieces the students made showing their personal meaning of birth was carried out using a framework devised from visual methodology in addition with a questionnaire.Findings
The experience of creating birth art and the teaching session as a whole was viewed as valuable in raising issues of spirituality and meaning in relation to birth. The creative pieces explored demonstrated students views of the principles of new life, the universality of birth, connection to the world outside the family, and the inclusion of love in the process.Conclusion
The students’ artistic creations in this study illustrated their beliefs and values about birth at that moment in time. Their creations demonstrated their views of birth being symbolic of new life and growth; that it has a universal effect, not only the family, but outwardly on the social community and beyond; and that it is linked with the value of love. We interpret this to be relating to the elements of spirituality within birth. We suggest that approaching the meaning of birth through creativity and the concepts of spirituality may be a valuable component of creating holistic midwives and will need to be explored by further research. 相似文献958.
959.
A comparison of blood pressure in term, low birth-weight infants of smoking and nonsmoking mothers 下载免费PDF全文
Infants exposed to the components of cigarette smoke in utero are at an increased risk for perinatal death, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and premature delivery. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare blood pressure values in term low-birth weight infants (=2500 grams) born to smoking mothers to the blood pressure values of term, low-birth weight infants born to nonsmoking mothers. Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of 30 low-birth weight, term infants at a hospital in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure values were obtained from each chart. Fifteen of the infants were born to women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, while another 15 infants were born to mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy. While hospitalized at birth, the infants of smoking mothers shared a trend toward higher blood pressure readings for all measures, with the t-test differences reaching statistical significance for systolic arm (p = .024), diastolic leg (p = .03), and mean arterial pressure of the arm (p = .038). 相似文献
960.
This paper highlights the differences and similarities between a Kindergarten outside Bremen in Lower Saxony, Germany and a Primary School Junior Infant Class in County Cork, Republic of Ireland. Both are concerned with the education of the young child but whereas the Kindergarten is attended by three to six year olds, the Junior Infant Class caters almost exclusively for four to five year old children.
A case study account of both groups is given and an analysis of the activities which took place in each using the ‘Target Child Observational Schedule’ [Sylva et al., (1980)] is presented in bar‐graph form.
The paper concludes that Erzieherinnen, Kinderpflegerinnen and Junior Infant Class teachers need to engage in more interaction with the children in order, in particular, to raise the frequency and quality of linguistic interaction. An increase in the structure of the children's play would help to enhance cognitive development. 相似文献