Health literacy and consumer health information     

Maria J. Grant PhD 《Health information and libraries journal》2023,40(1):1-2

The rigours of the past few years have demonstrated the importance of good health literacy levels with the imperative of being able to obtain and interpret information to maintain and improve one's health never more apparent. With this in mind, this issue is focused on consumer health information, the gender and population group differences that exist in information seeking behaviour, the challenges of understanding medical explanations and terminology, and existing criteria to assess and ultimately produce better consumer health information.  相似文献   

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine literacy on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among university students     

Mahinur Durmuş Iskender PhD  MSc  BSc  RN  Handan Eren PhD  MSc  BSc  RN  Ayşenur Durmuş MSc  BSc  RN  PhD Student 《Health information and libraries journal》2023,40(3):307-318

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Choice and goal-directed behavior in preschool children     

Klossek UM  Yu S  Dickinson A 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(4):350-357

Preschool children (3–4 years old) were trained to perform two actions to gain different outcomes, in the form of video clips from different cartoons, before one of these outcomes was devalued by noncontingent exposure. The effect of outcome devaluation was subsequently assessed in an extinction test by giving children the opportunity to perform both actions in the absence of any outcomes. When the two actions were trained concurrently, performance during the test was modulated by outcome value and children showed a preference for the action trained with the currently valued outcome. By contrast, when each action was trained separately on different trials, test performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation. These effects of the training schedules are interpreted in terms of dual-process theories of action control.  相似文献   

Concept learning by pigeons: Matching-to-sample with trial-unique video picture stimuli     

Anthony A. Wright  Robert G. Cook  Jacquelyne J. Rivera  Stephen F. Sands  Juan D. Delius 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(4):436-444

Pigeons were trained to match-to-sample with several new methodologies: a large number of stimuli, computer-drawn color picture stimuli, responses monitored by a computer touch screen, stimuli presented horizontally from the floor, and grain reinforcement delivered onto the picture stimuli. Following acquisition, matching-to-sample concept learning was assessed by transfer to novel stimuli on the first exposure to pairs of novel stimuli. One group (trial-unique), trained with 152 different pictures presented once daily, showed excellent transfer (80% correct). Transfer and baseline performances were equivalent, indicating that the matching-to-sample concept had been learned. A second group (2-stimulus), trained with only two different pictures, showed no evidence of transfer. These results are discussed in terms of the effect of numbers of exemplars on previous failures to find concept learning in pigeons, and the implications of the positive finding from this experiment on abstract concept learning and evolutionary cognitive development.  相似文献   

组成于平行机和批处理机的二阶段混合流水作业问题     

何龙敏  孙世杰 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2007,11(1):33-33

A hybrid two-stage flowshop scheduling problem was considered which involves m identical parallel machines at Stage 1 and a burn-in processor M at Stage 2, and the makespan was taken as the minimization objective. This scheduling problem is NP-hard in general. We divide it into eight subcases. Except for the following two subcases： （1） b≥ an, max{m, B} 〈 n; （2） a1 ≤ b ≤ an, m ≤ B 〈 n, for all other subcases, their NP-hardness was proved or pointed out, corresponding approximation algorithms were conducted and their worst-case performances were estimated. In all these approximation algorithms, the Multifit and PTAS algorithms were respectively used, as the jobs were scheduled in m identical parallel machines.  相似文献   

Chris James, Michael Connolly, Gerald Dunning, Tony Elliot, How Very Effective Primary Schools Work     

Michael Anthony Samuel 《Journal of Educational Change》2007,8(4):373-375

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President's Message     

Anthony C. Riccio 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1969,8(4):239-240

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Incentive learning and the motivational control of instrumental performance by thirst     

Matias Lopez  Bernard Balleine  Anthony Dickinson 《Learning & behavior》1992,20(4):322-328

The role of incentive learning in instrumental performance following a shift in the degree of water deprivation was analyzed in three experiments. In Experiments 1A and IB, rats trained to perform an instrumental action reinforced with either sucrose or maltodextrin solutions when in a high-deprivation state were subsequently shifted to a low-deprivation state and tested in extinction. This within-state shift in water deprivation reduced instrumental performance only when the animals had been exposed to the reinforcer in the low-deprivation state prior to instrumental training. In Experiment 2, a concurrent training procedure was used to assess whether the change in the value of the reinforcer brought about by preexposurewas mediated by the contingency between the instrumental action and the reinforcer. Preexposure to the reinforcer under the low-deprivation state produced a selective reduction of the performance of the action upon which it was contingent during training when testing was conducted in extinction following a shift from the high- to the low-deprivation state. These experiments provide evidence that animals have to learn about the incentive value of a reinforcer in a particular motivational state through exposure to the reinforcer in that state.  相似文献   

Auditorysame/different concept learning by monkeys     

Anthony A. Wright  Melissa R. Shyan  Masako Jitsumori 《Learning & behavior》1990,18(3):287-294

Two rhesus monkeys learned the auditory abstract concept ofsame/different. They were trained with 38 different environmental and natural sounds, which were arranged in different combinations as training progressed. Upon transfer to 138 different novel stimuli, they performed as well (78.8% correct) on the first exposure to the novel stimuli as they did (77.3%) with their training stimuli. The comparatively large set of training sounds, contact with the sound source, and a special fading procedure are thought to have contributed to the monkeys’ being able to learn this concept. Implications for species’ similarities/differences in cognitive processing are discussed.  相似文献   

A comparison of deaf and hearing teacher effectiveness     

T S Serwatka  R A Anthony  S C Simon 《American annals of the deaf》1986,131(5):339-343

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