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Pablo Ariel Scharagrodsky 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2019,55(1):88-100
RESUMENEn las primeras décadas del siglo XX un conjunto de actores y grupos sociales percibieron la necesidad de construir espacios complementarios y, en algunos casos, alternativos al formato escolar estatalizado que estaba en pleno crecimiento. Entre los espacios pensados para transmitir e imponer ciertos tópicos, se destacaron los recreos infantiles. Más allá de las fuertes disputas ideológicas y políticas acaecidas en las primeras décadas del siglo XX en la Argentina, hubo un fuerte consenso sobre la necesidad de disponer de espacios recreativos para la población infantil. Sin embargo, los fines, los sentidos y los significados puestos en circulación entraron rápidamente en colisión dependiendo del grupo social de origen, de la ideología profesada y de la forma de concebir “lo político”. Grupos de socialistas, anarquistas y de diferentes congregaciones religiosas (por ejemplo, salesianas) implementaron recreos infantiles en la Argentina. Estos espacios de sociabilidad pusieron en circulación una serie de sentidos y significados sobre diferentes tópicos, entre ellos la “cuestión sexual”. El siguiente artículo indaga los significados que se produjeron, transmitieron y circularon en relación a la diferencia sexual, a la feminidad y a la masculinidad. 相似文献
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Daniel E Schiefer D Möllering A Benish-Weisman M Boehnke K Knafo A 《Child development》2012,83(1):322-336
Living in complex social worlds, individuals encounter discordant values across life contexts, potentially resulting in different importance of values across contexts. Value differentiation is defined here as the degree to which values receive different importance depending on the context in which they are considered. Early and mid-adolescents (N = 3,497; M = 11.45 years, SD = 0.87 and M = 16.10 years, SD = 0.84, respectively) from 4 cultural groups (majority and former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel and Germany) rated their values in 3 contexts (family, school, and country). Value differentiation varied across individuals. Early adolescents showed lower value differentiation than mid-adolescents. Immigrant (especially first generation) adolescents, showed higher value differentiation than majority adolescents, reflecting the complex social reality they face while negotiating cultures. 相似文献
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Using data spanning 1996–2009 from multiple panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study investigates children’s (average age 8.5 years) physical health, dental visits, and doctor contact among low‐income children (n = 46,148) in immigrant versus native households. Immigrant households are further distinguished by household citizenship and immigration status. The findings show that children residing in households with non‐naturalized citizen parents, particularly those with a nonpermanent resident parent, experience worse health and less access to care even when controlling for important demographic, socioeconomic, and health insurance variables. 相似文献
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This study investigated the image of scientists held by Israeli pre-service teachers, the majority of whom were female. The population consisted of students belonging to two cultures, Hebrew-speaking and Arabic-speaking. The DAST ('Draw-a-Scientist-Test') tool and other tools, some of which were developed specifically for this research, tested the image of the scientist as perceived by the participants. It was found that the image of the scientist is perceived as predominantly male, a physicist or a chemist, working in a laboratory typical of the eighteenth, nineteenth or the early-twentieth century. Students did not differentiate between scientists and inventors. Different images were held in the two cultures. Most of the Arabic-speaking students put Classical Islamic scientists near the top of their lists and thought of the scientist as an Arab male, while the Hebrew-speaking students' was as a typical Western male. Recommendations, resulting from the findings, for developing a new learning unit for the purpose of altering stereotypes are suggested. 相似文献
25.
Ariel Merpert María Victoria Anauati Laura Zommer Inés Taylor 《Communication Research Reports》2018,35(1):48-57
The first step in journalistic fact-checking of political discourse is identifying whether statements contain “checkable facts” (i.e., not opinions). This randomized controlled experiment investigated how different demographic factors (age, gender, education, profession, and political affiliation) are associated with the ability to discern if statements contained checkable or noncheckable facts, as well as what impact training in identifying checkable facts can have on overall outcomes. A total of 3,357 participants identified checkable and noncheckable statements from a fictional political speech extract containing eight statements. Overall, participants were able to correctly identify an average of 69% of statements. Specific demographic factors (being male, young, and university educated) were positively associated with increased performance as well as working in professions that commonly analyze data, such as research. Participating in a short training session significantly increased participants’ performance. Initial political affiliation slightly reduces the ability to assess whether statements made by named politicians contained checkable facts. 相似文献
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This study examines the interaction between non-governmental organization (NGO), the Local Education Authority (LEA), and public schools in communities of different socioeconomic backgrounds in Israel. We characterize how schools serving more and less affluent communities create, cultivate, and preserve interactions with NGOs; how NGOs form, and sustain interactions with schools serving communities of different socioeconomic backgrounds; and how this process is maintained through LEA regulation. We show how school–NGO–LEA interaction is largely shaped by the affluence of respective schools’ communities within given educational settings. Analysis of interviews conducted with different stakeholders exposed two main themes: (1) the differing capabilities of various actors in this interaction to express agency; (2) the power relations between involved parties, whereby NGO and LEA impose a global agenda on local schools (particularly those serving less affluent communities) – occasionally in contrast to the needs as perceived by schools’ leaders. Our conclusions offer some insights into the nature and possible consequences of the interaction between third sector organizations and schools serving communities of diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. 相似文献
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Ariel R. Hart Rebecca Dillard Molly M. Perkins Camille P. Vaughan Kathy Kinlaw J. Lucas McKay 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(9):440-450
The DREAMS Team research advocacy training program helps clinical faculty and health students introduce basic clinical research concepts to diverse older adults to galvanize their active involvement in the research process. Older adults are frequently underrepresented in clinical research, due to barriers to participation including distrust, historical mistreatment, and their lack of health literacy. The DREAMS Team program aims to involve diverse older adults throughout all phases of research and increase research participation, thereby contributing to the growth of quality patient-centered, evidence-based health care. This course was developed for clinical faculty to deliver to diverse adults aged 55+ in eight 50-minute lectures, followed by half-hour small group discussions moderated by health students. A pilot cohort of 24 individuals was assessed for satisfaction post-program, and self-efficacy before and after the program. Older adult participants improved on a survey measure of self-efficacy, and indicated satisfaction on a post-program questionnaire. All agreed or strongly agreed that they enjoyed participating, and that classes enhanced knowledge/skills about the topics, were high quality, and provided useful information. Twenty-two out of 24 individuals who completed the program indicated they planned to get involved as research advocates. The DREAMS Team program can be offered either on its own, or as a follow-up program to a general health education course led by health students and/or professional researchers or clinicians. Educating older adults about the research process and advocacy through interactive seminars led by congenial and respectful researchers and health students may remove some barriers to research participation and involvement among diverse older adults. 相似文献
28.
Ariel Robert Karpicke Jeffrey D. Witherby Amber E. Tauber Sarah K. 《Educational Psychology Review》2021,33(2):693-712
When people make judgments of learning (JOLs) after studying paired associates, the process they engage in to monitor their learning can directly enhance learning for some types of material (Soderstrom et al. 2015). The current experiments investigated whether JOLs directly enhance learning educationally relevant texts. Across 5 experiments (N?=?703), people read several sections of an educational textbook with or without JOLs embedded between each section. We manipulated whether JOLs queried one’s understanding of the text at the aggregate level (Experiment 1) or for specific concepts in the text (Experiment 2a, 2b, 3, and 4). We also manipulated whether JOLs were framed to afford covert retrieval practice by prompting judgments with either the target information present or absent (Experiment 3). In most cases, instructing students to make JOLs did not improve comprehension above and beyond just reading the text. However, when people were instructed to retrieve information prior to making JOLs (Experiment 4), large learning gains occurred. These results indicate that JOLs in their standard form are unlikely to produce educational benefits to text comprehension in part because learners do not spontaneously retrieve criterial information when making metacomprehension judgments.
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