Interaction of wrestling shoe and competition surface: effects on coefficient of friction with implications for injury   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Newton R  Doan B  Meese M  Conroy B  Black K  Sebstianelli W  Kramer W 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(2):157-166

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference in the co-efficient of friction (Fc) between old versus new wrestling shoes and mats and to investigate the effect of perspiration. Fc was measured by dragging a weighted shoe over a wrestling mat surface and measuring the vertical and horizontal forces produced. Three different shoe conditions were assessed over two mat types for both wet and dry conditions for a total of 12 conditions. To simulate the wet condition, saline solution was smeared over the surface of the mat. There was a significant effect of shoe, mat, and wet/dry conditions. In addition, significant interactions of shoe by mat, shoe by dry/wet, and mat by dry/wet were observed. Overall, Fc was 36% higher for the new wrestling mat compared to the old wrestling mat. Application of the saline solution reduced Fc by 14% compared to the dry condition. Comparison of the mean Fc for all three shoe types revealed the Fc for the older design shoe was 23% to 28% lower than the brand new shoe and the worn newer design, respectively. A high Fc, such as in the new mat/new shoe combination, has the potential to increase the risk of knee and ankle injuries by fixing the foot more securely to the ground.  相似文献   

Perceptual judgments for stair climbing as a function of pitch angle     

Maraj BK 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(3):248-256

Two experiments explored perception and action for stair climbing, with manipulations to the stair dimensions. In Experiment 1, a custom-built apparatus manipulated the stair dimensions, while three groups of participants made perceptual judgments of climbability. The groups differed significantly for absolute leg length (p < .0001), but there was no significant difference between the groups when stair dimensions were calculated relative to leg length. The selected tread depths and riser heights reflected constant proportions of participants' leg length. Using the pitch angles formed as a composite metric, the results revealed that all groups selected 60 degrees as the limit for climbability. Experiment 2 scaled pitch angle systematically from 20 degrees to 80 degrees, and participants judged 65 degrees and beyond to be unclimbable. These results provided evidence that pitch angle might be used in perceptual judgments for stair climbability.  相似文献   

The Routledge international handbook of religious education     

Robert Jackson 《British Journal of Religious Education》2013,35(3):342-344

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Testing for Sex Inequality in Standardized Admission Exams: The Case for Open Access     

Brian Powell  Lala Carr Steelman 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(3-5):86-88

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Historical Dictionary of African American Cinema by S. Torriano Berry and Venise T. Berry     

Kathy Merlock Jackson 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2007,30(3):343-343

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Religious education and social and community cohesion: an exploration of challenges and opportunities     

Robert Jackson 《British Journal of Religious Education》2012,34(1):101-104

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Title IX and Retaliation: The Impact of Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education on Higher Education     

Kerry Brian Melear 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2007,19(3-4):91-103

In 2005, the United States Supreme Court rendered a closely divided opinion that extends the protections against discrimination provided by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to include a private cause of action for retaliation in Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education. Therefore, “whistleblowers,” or employees who report allegedly discriminatory practices, can file suit against employers who retaliate against them on the basis of their complaints under the auspices of Title IX, which prohibits discrimination “on the basis of sex” by recipients of federal education funds. Unlike other federal anti-discrimination laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, retaliation is not expressly mentioned within the text of Title IX, and the Supreme Court reasoned that the broad language of the statute encompasses implied protections against retaliation, regardless of the gender of the employee who alleges retaliatory action. As a result of Jackson, the first generation of litigation against colleges and universities under this expanded standard has begun to navigate the federal courts. This article analyzes the Supreme Court’s opinion in Jackson and the related cases representing the first application of the retaliation standard articulated therein to colleges and universities. The article concludes with suggestions for insulation from liability associated with alleged retaliation claims against administrators and educational institutions.  相似文献   

If Kids Could Vote by Sally Sugarman     

Kathy Merlock Jackson 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2007,30(3):344-345

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On State SAT Research: A Response to Wainer     

Brian Powell  Lala Carr Steelman 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1987,24(1):84-89

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Call for Proposals 1999 Annual Meeting National Council on Measurement in Education     

André F. De  Champlain  Brian E. Clauser  Carole L. Perlman 《Educational Measurement》1998,17(2):32-36

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