Groundwater scarcity impact on inclusiveness and women empowerment: Insights from school absenteeism of female students in two watersheds in India     

Rai S Kookana  Basant Maheshwari  Peter Dillon  Seema H Dave  Prahlad Soni  Hakimuddin Bohra 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(11):1155-1171

A survey was conducted in eight secondary schools located in two watersheds in Gujarat and Rajasthan (semi-arid region of India) to assess students’ perceptions about groundwater scarcity issues and the impact of the scarcity on their educational opportunities. Survey responses to a detailed questionnaire by a cohort of students in both watersheds; school attendance records of year 8 class students (13–14 years old) and responses gathered via a socio-economic survey involving 500 families in the study area were used in the study. In both watersheds, >90% students identified groundwater scarcity as a major issue. Required to work at home or farm, about 65% students in Gujarat and 60% in Rajasthan missed school for up to 2 days/month; and a smaller proportion (～ 30%) missed schools for 4 or more days/month. School absenteeism was found to be linked with gender; female students missed schools more frequently than their male counterpart. The school attendance records in Rajasthan showed that the frequency of female students missing schools for 5 or more days/month was on an average 2–10 times greater than that for males. The gender difference in absenteeism in all schools was statistically significant (P?<?.018**). The study highlighted that groundwater scarcity in the study area, and consequent demand on their time for household work including fetching drinking water are contributing factors towards limiting their educational and economic opportunities. Groundwater scarcity can be one of the key factors that can limit inclusiveness and empowerment of women and need to be considered in policy-making.  相似文献   

Prolog programming techniques     

Paul Brna  Alan Bundy  Tony Dodd  Marc Eisenstadt  Chee Kit Looi  Helen Pain  Dave Robertson  Barbara Smith  Maarten van Someren 《Instructional Science》1991,20(2-3):111-133

In this paper we introduce the concept of a Prolog programming technique. This concept is then distinguished both from that of an algorithm and that of a programming cliché. We give examples and show how a knowledge of them can be useful in both programming environments and in teaching programming skills. The extraction of the various techniques is outlined. Finally, we discuss the problem of representing techniques where we conclude that the most promising approach is the development of a suitable meta-language.  相似文献   

Semantic Innovation: Arithmetical and Algebraic Metaphors Within Narratives of Learning     

Tony Brown  Frank Eade  Dave Wilson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,40(1):53-70

This paper examines a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children progress in learning mathematics. It suggests that there is a difficulty in associating teaching discourses with the mathematics they locate. This can result in an incommensurability between alternative perspectives being offered. The paper resists attempts to privilege any particular account but rather demands an analysis of these discourses and their presuppositions. In developing these themes the paper invokes Ricoeur's analysis of time and narrative as an analytical approach to treating notions such as transition, development and progression in mathematical learning. His notion of semantic innovation is introduced. This embraces both the introduction of a new metaphor into a sentence or the creation of a new narrative which reorganises events into a new plot. The notion is utilised in arguing that the shift in the student's mathematical development from arithmetic to first order linear equations with unknowns reconfigures the contextual parameters governing the understanding of these mathematical forms. It is also utilised in showing how alternative approaches to accounting for such transitions suit different and perhaps conflicting outcomes. For example, demonstrating awareness of generality or performing well in a diagnostic test featuring the solution of linear equations.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Use and rationale of media types in performance‐centered design     

Dave Schubert 《Performance Improvement》2002,41(10):34-38

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The importance of the International Tennis Federation's junior boys' circuit in the development of professional tennis players     

Machar Reid  Miguel Crespo  Luca Santilli  Dave Miley  James Dimmock 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):667-672

Abstract

The relationship between junior boys' tennis success, as measured by a top 20 International Tennis Federation's Junior Circuit (ITFJC) ranking, and subsequent ranking accomplishments in professional men's tennis is discussed. The names, countries, and birthdates of all players to achieve a top 20 ITFJC boys' year-end ranking from 1992 to 1998 were recorded. The progress of these players through the professional ranks was then tracked to the end of 2004. Results indicate that 91% of top 20-ranked boys achieved a professional men's ranking, while a stepwise regression analysis revealed junior ranking (JR) to be a predictor of future, professional ranking (β = 0.232, r ² = 0.054, p < 0.05). A regression equation [predicted professional rank = 78.17 + 6.31?(JR)] accounted for a significant amount of variance in professional ranking. For male players, therefore, the achievement of a top 20 junior ranking appears to be a reasonable yardstick for future, professional success. The type of surface upon which junior players develop their games was also shown to influence professional ranking highs, with play on clay courts or a combination of clay and hard courts helping to produce higher, professionally ranked players than hard court play alone (p≤ 0.01).  相似文献   

Parameterising expertise in coaching: Past,present and future     

Christine Nash  Russell Martindale  Dave Collins  Amanda Martindale 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):985-994

Abstract

Research into expertise is increasing across a number of domains pertinent to sport. Whilst this increase is particularly apparent in coaching, a key question is how to identify an expert coach? Accordingly, this paper draws upon existing studies into expert coaches to address this issue; in particular, the criteria used to select expert coaches for research purposes and the methods used in expert coach research. Based on these data, we contend that the elements of expertise are not fully reflected within currently accepted criteria which, in turn, results in expert coaching research not necessarily identifying the appropriate individuals to study. The paper concludes with recommendations for more rigorous criteria for selecting expert coaches and highlights the associated implications for the future training and development of expert coaches.  相似文献   

Boxing: A Concise History of the Sweet Science     

Dave Day 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11-12):1491-1492

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Changes in locomotive rates during senior elite rugby league matches     

Dave Sykes  Craig Twist  Ceri Nicholas  Kevin Lamb 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1263-1271

Abstract

The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in locomotive rates across the duration of senior elite rugby league matches. A semi-automated image recognition system (ProZone 3, ProZone®, Leeds, England) was used to track the movements of 59 players from six teams during three competitive matches. The players were classified into one of four positional groups: props (n = 9), back row (n = 9), pivots (n = 14) or outside backs (n = 27). Players' movements were classified as low, high or very high intensity running and reported as locomotive rates (distance covered per minute played) for successive quarters of each match. Analysis of variance revealed that only the outside backs showed a significantly lower overall locomotive rate during the final quarter compared to the first (P < 0.05). However, locomotive rates for high and very high intensity running during the final quarter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the first quarter among outside backs, pivots and props despite no change in the rate of involvements in contact. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that high and very high intensity running locomotive rates may be more affective methods of detecting fatigue during competitive matches than overall locomotive rate.  相似文献   

Visualisation and computer assisted learning: the role of videodiscs     

Dave Goforth 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1992,23(1):21-27

Visualisation is a powerful tool in research; visual, dynamic and interactive representations help learners using simulations and microworlds to gain qualitative understanding of concepts. Recorded video can bring reality to computer assisted learning. The author argues that the two approaches, while complementary, are not entirely compatible; that is, the use of video images in simulations often implies a trade-off against qualitative modelling power. Appropriate roles for video are discussed in the light of this contention.  相似文献   

乡愁     

潘晨曦 《海外英语》2007,(5):40-41

我的脑子不止一次被心理学家称为的老屋妄想症所麻痹。我和妻子买了一栋老房子,包含所有老房子存在的问题,例如白蚁,  相似文献