But what happens when you take that reinforcement away?     

Donald J. Dickinson 《Psychology in the schools》1974,11(2):158-160

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NGSS Alignment: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?     

Emily R. Dickinson  Arthur A. Thacker  Hillary R. Michaels 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(2):31-34

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Museum Rhetoric: Building Civic Identity in National Spaces     

Greg Dickinson 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2018,104(4):462-466

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Do we need norms of fitness for children with autistic spectrum condition?          下载免费PDF全文

Maurice Place  Kathleen Dickinson  Joanna Reynolds 《British Journal of Special Education》2015,42(2):199-216

The increasingly sedentary habits of children, and rising obesity levels, are prompting concern for children's future health. Children with autistic spectrum condition (ASC) show a clear trend in this regard. Within school, an understanding of how an individual's fitness compares to age norms is important in order to design appropriate exercise programmes. This study, by Maurice Place, Kathleen Dickinson and Joanna Reynolds, all based at Northumbria University, assessed 100 children with ASC and learning difficulty, and found a wide variation in fitness levels as measured by the Eurofit tests. In addition the measure of cardio‐pulmonary fitness (VO_{2 max}) was generally poor. In boys, body mass index (BMI) showed only a modest correlation with this measure of cardio‐pulmonary fitness, with the results for the girls not being significant. Using a variant of the established BMI calculation did not improve the correlation. To our knowledge this article offers the first set of published Eurofit test results for children with ASC and highlights the generally poor level of cardio‐pulmonary fitness in this group of children.  相似文献   

A scoping review of individual differences in information seeking behavior and retrieval research between 2000 and 2015     

Heather L. O&#x;Brien  Rebecca Dickinson  Nicole Askin 《Library & information science research》2017,39(3):244-254

Individual differences have long been of interest in information science as they bear on the design of information systems and services for specific populations. Yet little is known as to which individual differences make a difference to search outcomes, both across applications and for diverse user groups. A scoping study of information seeking and retrieval research from 2000 to 2015 was conducted. Over 2100 articles retrieved from eight scholarly databases were screened based on title, abstract, and full-text (using specified inclusion criteria), resulting in 223 papers for analysis. Data were extracted to provide an overview of the literature, including types of individual differences studied, publication volume over time, measures, samples, and study outcomes. Findings are inconclusiveness regarding how individual differences affect search outcomes, and raise issues around measurement and generalizability. This study represents an essential first step to developing a more systematic investigation of individual differences research and connecting individual research studies to anchor and guide future work.  相似文献   

Do gooders or do betters? An analysis of the motivation of student tutors     

M. J. Dickinson 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(2):221-227

Across the UK hundreds of undergraduate students are volunteering their time and skills to assist teachers in local schools. This research investigates the factors that motivate already pressured undergraduate students to give up their precious free time for community work. Specifically, it addresses the question: are they primarily seeking to better their community or themselves? This short report argues that the primary motivation for such apparently community‐focused activity among undergraduates, in the south‐east, is actually centred on a concept of self‐improvement. The volunteer student, by undertaking unpaid community work, is engaged in a conscious attempt to enhance his/her chances of success in seeking post‐education employment. The paper goes on to argue that this finding has significant implications for the administration of student tutoring schemes, as recruitment and funding are the two major obstacles to establishing and maintaining an extracurricular activity in higher education (Stadium, 1997). Therefore, when the factors known to motivate undergraduates to undertake additional responsibilities are incorporated into recruitment and fund‐raising strategies, the activities can be tailored to maximize potential.  相似文献   

Encomium: D. Robert Dechaine,Editor, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 2015–2018     

Greg Dickinson 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(4):271-273

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Spaces of Remembering and Forgetting: The Reverent Eye/I at the Plains Indian Museum An earlier version of this essay was presented at the 2002 convention of the Western States Communication Association.     

Greg Dickinson    Eric Aoki 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(1):27-47

Museums, memorials, and other historic places are key sites in the construction of collective memory and national identity. The Plains Indian Museum in Cody, Wyoming is one such space of memory where the (pre)history of “America” and its native peoples is told. Based on the view of texts as experiential landscapes, it is argued that this museum works to absolve Anglo-visitors of the social guilt regarding Western conquest through a rhetoric of reverence. This rhetorical mode invites visitors to adopt a respectful, but distanced observational gaze. A concluding section assesses the social and political consequences of memorializing in this mode.  相似文献   

Do you like dogs or writing? Identity performance in childen's digital message exchange     

Guy Merchant  Paul Dickinson  Cathy Burnett  Julia Myers 《English in Education》2006,40(3):21-38

Over a number of years we have been investigating ways in which e‐communication can contribute to children's writing development and how new technology re‐frames our understandings of writing in the classroom (Merchant, 2003; Burnett et al, 2004; Burnett et al, 2005; Merchant, 2005). Here we analyse the digital writing of pupils from two linked primary school classes (Year 3–5) in the North of England. Part of the project involved the pupils in communicating about themselves and their interests to email partners of the same age. In this article, we track children's identity performance in informal message exchange and show how this contributed to a final knowledge product. We explore how work that had its origins in representing children's lives and identities reflected their position in wider cultural worlds. This perspective causes us to question whether there are there sufficient opportunities for pupils to explore and express ‘who they are’ in the current content‐driven curriculum where public genres are central and personal voice is peripheral.  相似文献   

Counterconditioning of shock by a water reinforcer in rabbits     

Michael F. Dearing  Anthony Dickinson 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(3):360-366

Three experiments studied the counterconditioning of certain properties of eyeshock in rabbits by establishing the shock as an appetitive CS for a jaw-movement response reinforced by intraoral water injections in a Pavlovian conditioning procedure. Although Experiment 1 demonstrated that such appetitive conditioning did not attenuate the unconditioned eyeblink elicited by the shock, it reduced the capacity of the shock to suppress leverpress responses reinforced by direct water injections in a signaled punishment procedure in Experiment 2. By contrast, when instrumentally reinforced licking was punished by eyeshock in Experiment 3, no such reduction in the suppressive capacities of the shock was found. The results were considered in terms of whether counterconditioning alters the response-eliciting or motivational and reinforcing properties of the shock.  相似文献