Results of a survey of elevator interlocks and an analysis of elevator accident statistics     

C.E. Oakes  J.A. Dickinson  Technologic Paper No. . 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1921,192(5):672-673

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Accounts of the means employed for the recovery of treasure,stores, and other property,from the wreck of the thetis     

R.N. De Roos  R.N. Dickinson 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1835,19(1):64-68

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Punished by Rewards? A Behavioral Perspective     

Clay Carr  Tom Mawhinney  Alyce Dickinson  Richard Pearlstein 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1995,8(2):125-127

The other articles in this special issue of PIQ deal directly with HPT and its practice. This set of articles does not. It does deal with the relationship between intrinsic motivation and external incentives–questions critical to the practice of HPT. The articles provide reaction to Alfie Kohn's latest book, Punished by Rewards, which ignited something of a firestorm. His article in the Harvard-Business Review, excerpted from the book (Kohn, 1993a) elicited printed responses ranging from reasoned rejoinders to accusations of preaching a brand of communism (Kohn. 1993b). Obviously, right or wrong, he has struck a forest of raw nerves. This set of articles attempts to use Kohn's work as a springboard for exploring the topic of rewards and punishments. It begins with a short review of the book; the review concentrates mostly on Kohn's arguments as they concern the workplace and ignores the large amount of the book devoted to child rearing and schools. The review is followed by two assessments of Kohn's work from the point of view of organizational behavior analysis. They are by Tom Mawhinney of the University of Detroit, Mercy, and Alyce Dickinson of Western Michigan University. Then Richard Pearlstein. the immediate past Vice-President for Research and Development of NSPI, concludes the series by relating the discussion specifically to the way managers actually manage. Our goal in this endeavor is to help lay bare some basic issues underlying human performance in the workplace. We hope you find it useful.  相似文献   

The role of incentive learning in instrumental outcome revaluation by sensory-specific satiety     

Bernard W. Balleine  Anthony Dickinson 《Learning & behavior》1998,26(1):46-59

Hungry rats were trained to perform two instrumental actions, one for salt- and the other for lemonflavored polycose solution. When they were sated on one of these two outcomes by prefeeding immediately prior to a choice extinction test, the action trained with the prefed solution was performed less than the other action. The subsequent experiments examined the role of incentive learning in this specific satiety-induced outcome revaluation effect. The second experiment demonstrated that the experience of consuming a flavored polycose solution to satiety enabled the state induced by polycose consumption to control the devaluation of the flavored outcome. By contrast, the third study found that, although devaluing the prefed outcome, specific-satiety treatments could induce a relative inflation in the incentive value of other food outcomes. The final two studies demonstrated an increased outcome-devaluation effect in instrumental performance when these devaluation and revaluation effects were combined. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that specific satiety treatments produce changes in outcome value that depend upon incentive learning.  相似文献   

Fantasy: The need for realism     

Peter Dickinson 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1986,17(1):39-51

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Comfort drawing during investigative interviews: Evidence of the safety of a popular practice     

Debra Ann Poole  Jason J. Dickinson 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Objective

This study evaluated the impact of comfort drawing (allowing children to draw during interviews) on the quality of children's eyewitness reports.

Methods

Children (N = 219, 5 to 12 years) who had participated in an earlier memory study returned 1 or 2 years later, experienced a new event, and described these events during phased, investigative-style interviews. Interviewers delivered the same prompts to children in the no drawing and drawing conditions but provided paper and markers in the drawing condition, invited these children to draw, and periodically asked if they would like to make another picture.

Results

Most children in the drawing condition were interested in using the materials, and measures of eyewitness performance were sensitive to differences in cognitive ability (i.e., age) and task difficulty (i.e., delay between the remote event and interview). Comfort drawing had no overall impact as evidenced by nonsignificant main effects of condition across 20 performance measures, although more of the younger children reported experienced touching in the drawing than no drawing condition.

Conclusions

The children successfully divided attention between voluntary drawing and conversations about past events. Importantly, comfort drawing did not impair the amount of information recalled, the accuracy of children's answers, or even the extent to which interviewers needed to prompt for answers. Due to the large number of analyses, the benefit of drawing for younger, touched children requires replication.

Practice Implications

Comfort drawing poses no documented risks for typically-developing school-aged children, but the practice remains untested for younger children and those with cognitive impairments.  相似文献   

Developing and Validating a Novel Anonymous Method for Matching Longitudinal School-Based Data     

Jon Agley  David Tidd  Mikyoung Jun  Lori Eldridge  Yunyu Xiao  Steve Sussman  Wasantha Jayawardene  Daniel Agley  Ruth Gassman  Stephanie L. Dickinson 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(1):90

Prospective longitudinal data collection is an important way for researchers and evaluators to assess change. In school-based settings, for low-risk and/or likely-beneficial interventions or surveys, data quality and ethical standards are both arguably stronger when using a waiver of parental consent—but doing so often requires the use of anonymous data collection methods. The standard solution to this problem has been the use of a self-generated identification code. However, such codes often incorporate personalized elements (e.g., birth month, middle initial) that, even when meeting the technical standard for anonymity, may raise concerns among both youth participants and their parents, potentially altering willingness to participate, response quality, or generating outrage. There may be value, therefore, in developing a self-generated identification code and matching approach that not only is technically anonymous but also appears anonymous to a research-naive individual. This article provides a proof of concept for a novel matching approach for school-based longitudinal data collection that potentially accomplishes this goal.  相似文献   

Rewards and Punishment: A Fine Distinction: A Behavior Analyst's Reply to Alfie Kohn's (1993) Punished by Rewards     

Alyce M. Dickinson 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1995,8(2):131-136

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