Are the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire Scales stable or transient?     

Alan M. Nevill  Andrew M. Lane  Michael J. Duncan 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1881-1889

Body image is an important concept when assessing mental health and, thus, a target for intervention work. The common approach to assess body image is via self-report and, consequently, it is important to assess stability and susceptibility of items to random change. Participants (N = 99, aged: 18–30 years) completed the 34-item Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) twice, separated by two weeks. Stability was quantified by calculating the test–retest differences for each item, with a stable item showing 90% of respondents’ differences within a criterion of ≤±1. This method was used in preference to correlation, which is a test of association rather than agreement. Analyses identified 29 stable items. Five items were found to be unstable including the entire “Appearance Evaluation” scale. One particular unstable question, Q9 = “Most people would consider me good-looking”, revealed strong associations with both gender and weight status. Forty-four per cent of “overweight” respondents changed their minds by more than ±1 compared with only 10% of “normal-weight” participants, suggesting that being overweight is associated with uncertainty and instability. We suggest that future research is needed to investigate why such factors as being overweight appear to be linked to instability in self-report measures of body image.  相似文献   

A latent growth curve approach to investigating developmental dynamics and correlates of change in children's perceptions of physical competence.     

T E Duncan  S C Duncan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1991,62(4):390-398

In both the physical and academic domains interest has recently grown regarding developmental change in children's perceptions of competence. Recent advances in statistical methodology, such as latent growth modeling, enable the researcher to analyze developmental trends from both an inter- and intraindividual perspective, thus serving to increase our understanding of correlates of change in perceived competence. Using latent growth modeling, the purpose of the present study was to investigate developmental change in children's perceived competence at physical skills, examining maturational factors and chronological age as possible correlates of change. Subjects were male adolescents (N = 94). Data were collected during the child's sixth, eighth, and ninth grade school years. Results revealed a good fit for the hypothesized model, which specified mean level changes in the variables over time and an interrelationship among the latent chronometric common factors. Although a significant relationship existed between maturation and perceived competence, no significant relationship was evident between chronological age and perceived competence. Findings are discussed with particular reference to the utility of latent growth curve models for assessing developmental processes at both the inter- and intraindividual level.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Peter R. Chippendale  Duncan Harris 《Higher Education》1991,21(3):445-448

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Work-based antipoverty programs for parents can enhance the school performance and social behavior of children   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Huston AC  Duncan GJ  Granger R  Bos J  McLoyd V  Mistry R  Crosby D  Gibson C  Magnuson K  Romich J  Ventura A 《Child development》2001,72(1):318-318

We assess the impact of the New Hope Project, an antipoverty program tested in a random assignment experimental design, on family functioning and developmental outcomes for preschool- and school-aged children (N = 913). New Hope offered wage supplements sufficient to raise family income above the poverty threshold and subsidies for child care and health insurance to adults who worked full-time. New Hope had strong positive effects on boys' academic achievement, classroom behavior skills, positive social behavior, and problem behaviors, as reported by teachers, and on boys' own expectations for advanced education and occupational aspirations. There were not corresponding program effects for girls. The child outcomes may have resulted from a combination of the following: Children in New Hope families spent more time in formal child care programs and other structured activities away from home than did children in control families. New Hope parents were employed more, had more material resources, reported more social support, and expressed less stress and more optimism about achieving their goals than did parents in the control sample. The results suggest that an anti-poverty program that provides support for combining work and family responsibilities can have beneficial effects on the development of school-age children.  相似文献   

An assessment of the benefits of the diffusion of an innovation     

W.Duncan Reekie 《Research Policy》1982,11(4):261-266

A benefit-cost analysis of an innovative pharmaceutical in a relatively small market in the United Kingdom was carried out. The market was that for anti-tuberculosis drugs. The impact of the innovation, as it proceeded through its commercial life cycle, on competing products and on alternative hospitalisation therapy was evaluated. Despite the high cash price of the product relative to those it replaced this price was dwarfed by the benefits provided.  相似文献   

Rationalizing teacher roles in developing and assessing physical literacy in children     

Essiet  Inimfon Aniema  Salmon  Jo  Lander  Natalie J.  Duncan  Michael J.  Eyre  Emma L. J.  Barnett  Lisa M. 《Prospects》2021,50(1-2):69-86

PROSPECTS - Physical literacy serves as the foundation for several skills or attributes needed for lifelong physical activity participation. Based on its connection to physical activity, physical...  相似文献   

Negotiating school-university partnerships: Participants' voices in co-reform     

Dr. Janet Benton  Richard C. Zath  Frances Hensley Ed.D.  Duncan Waite 《The Urban Review》1996,28(3):257-278

Although many educators recognize the importance of voice, fostering voice in those who have traditionally been voiceless has been difficult. This article, like the program that it describes, tackles that challenge by having participants speak for themselves. Specifically, the participants speak about their involvement in the first year of an alternative teacher education project. In describing their involvement, the participants focus on their roles and relationships as well as the type of partnership and collaboration that emerged from this project.  相似文献   

Group Counseling and Group Procedures-Report of a Survey     

George M. Gazda  Jack A. Duncan  M. Eugene Meadows 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1967,6(4):305-310

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A Factor Analysis of the Role of the State Supervisor of Guidance Services     

Kevin E. Geoffroy  Jack A. Duncan 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1971,10(2):138-145

A review of the literature reveals that little research has been conducted on the role of the State Supervisor of Guidance Services. More specifically, the literature review did not yield any factor analysis studies on this role. A questionnaire sent to 280 state directors and supervisors of guidance services in the 50 states was the instrument used to gather the data that was subsequently analyzed on an IBM 360, Model 50 computer. The factor analysis yielded three major categories: Promotion, Service, and Noninvolvement. Since this is the only factor study conducted to date on the role of the State Supervisor of Guidances, it should serve as a foundation for similar future studies.  相似文献   

Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development   总被引：53，自引：0，他引：53  

Greg J. Duncan  Jeanne Brooks-Gunn  Pamela Kato Klebanov 《Child development》1994,65(2):296-318

We consider 3 questions regarding the effects of economic deprivation on child development. First, how are developmental outcomes in childhood affected by poverty and such poverty correlates as single parenthood, ethnicity, and maternal education? Second, what are the developmental consequences of the duration and timing of family economic deprivation? And, third, what is the comparative influence of economic deprivation at the family and neighborhood level? We investigate these issues with longitudinal data from the Infant Health and Development Program. We find that family income and poverty status are powerful correlates of the cognitive development and behavior of children, even after accounting for other differences—in particular family structure and maternal schooling—between low- and high-income families. While the duration of poverty matters, its timing in early childhood does not. Age-5 IQs are found to be higher in neighborhoods with greater concentrations of affluent neighbors, while the prevalence of low-income neighbors appears to increase the incidence of externalizing behavior problems.  相似文献