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Summary This paper has had two purposes: (1) to assess the answer to Does Counseling Work? and (2) to assess the effectiveness of counselor education. Neither question has been nor can be answered clearly or unequivocably. In both instances, the weight of evidence is positive but with many qualifications as regards either the effectiveness of counseling or of counselor education. What is less apparent but clearly implicit in the research literature is that improvements are being made in counseling and in counselor education but these are less than generally incorporated into practitioners skills, repetoires, or training sites. We have learned much and can be useful to many people but we still have much to be humble about, at least as reflected in our research literature.This article contains a summary of the presentation by Dr. Herr at the Seventh International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, Wurzburg, Germany, April, 1976.  相似文献   
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The introduction of Total Quality Management at Oregon State University   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Oregon State University became one of the first research universities in the United States to introduce the Total Quality Management methodology into its administrative structure in 1989. Beginning with finance and administration, quality improvement teams were introduced and achieved significant improvement in process effectiveness and efficiency. Improved quality was also achieved and measured by customer satisfaction.TQM was expanded to all administrative areas — including student affairs, research, and faculty administration — over the next four years. TQM has also been used in curriculum development, teaching improvement, and research proposal development.This paper describes the implementation strategy used by Oregon State University and presents some of the results achieved. Particular attention is paid to implementation barriers found in university settings.Today, Oregon State University has over 85 process improvement teams working in both administrative and academic areas and has received many awards for its work in Total Quality Management.  相似文献   
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The formulation of institutional goals in higher education often involves input from various campus constituencies including faculty. The faculty's viewpoint is typically treated as though it were a uniform perception. The research reported here tested the uniform nature of the faculty's goal orientations. Statistical comparisons were conducted on mean ratings of five discipline groups of 207 faculty from a major public university on the scales of the Institutional Goals Inventory. Although discipline groups shared common viewpoints on the importance of academic instruction, intellectual pursuits, and research, major differences among groups were found for goals involving university service, off-campus instruction, accountability, intercollegiate athletics, and humanistic values. Institutional planners desiring a change in one of these latter areas should expect different levels of faculty support and resistance from different discipline groups.  相似文献   
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Financial problems at colleges and universities have led many institutions to initiate extra efforts to obtain extramural funds. One such effort has been the establishment of formula-based research incentive plans. These plans generally utilize the recovery of indirect costs as the basis for allocating additional incentive funds to various areas as an encouragement to obtain additional extramural funds. Data from surveys conducted by the University of Missouri-Kansas City and Ohio University were combined with National Science Foundation reports to provide information about this relatively recent phenomena. The increasing popularity of these plans was shown in that a majority of institutions had such plans in effect during FY 1979. Analyses of the effectiveness of these plans showed no statistically significant differences between institutions with incentive plans and those without such plans, although mean federal research expenditures were approximately 20% greater at those institutions without these incentive plans. The evidence presented indicates that the receipt of federal research funds is not associated with the use of a formula-based research incentive plan.  相似文献   
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Working in animal behavior was challenging. It was the first time I came to the conclusion that I had to do something with my life, that there was work involved, and that if I wanted to accomplish something, I'd better figure out what it was and do it.—Exploratorium Explainer, 1974.  相似文献   
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This article examines how parental education level moderates the genetic and environmental contributions to variation in verbal IQ. Data are from 1909 non-Hispanic Whites and African American sibling pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which obtained nationally-based samples of identical (MZ) twins, fraternal (DZ) twins, full and half siblings, cousins (in the same household), and biologically unrelated siblings. In the whole sample, the variance estimate for heritability (h2 = .57, SE = .08) was greater than that for shared environment (c2 = .13, SE = .04). Both heritability and the shared environmental estimate were moderated, however, by level of parental education. Specifically, among more highly educated families, the average h2 = .74 (SE = .10) and the average c2 = .00 (SE = .05). Conversely, among less well-educated families, heritability decreased and shared environmental influences increased, yielding similar proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors, average h2 = .26 (SE = .15), and average c2 = .23 (SE = .07).  相似文献   
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