The student–teacher relationship quality in children with selective mutism     

Claudio Longobardi  Laura Badenes‐Ribera  Francesca Giovanna Maria Gastaldi  Laura Elvira Prino 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(1):32-41

Selective mutism (SM) is a rare anxiety disorder that compromises children's daily life during critical periods of early development. Because school is a prime context for the manifestation of the disorder, the aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the student–teacher relationship and its effects on behavior and work, and on social and relational skills. The sample consisted of 75 children—15 were affected by SM, with 60 in the control group—and 15 teachers. The results showed greater difficulty on the teacher's part to establish a relationship based on affective closeness with a child affected by SM, compared to that with unaffected children. Nevertheless, an encouraging picture emerges of the inclusion and integration of the child with SM among peers and therefore in the class group.  相似文献   

Orienting Toward Face‐Like Stimuli in Early Childhood          下载免费PDF全文

Punit Shah  Francesca Happé  Sophie Sowden  Richard Cook  Geoffrey Bird 《Child development》2015,86(6):1693-1700

Newborn infants orient preferentially toward face‐like or “protoface” stimuli and recent studies suggest similar reflexive orienting responses in adults. Little is known, however, about the operation of this mechanism in childhood. An attentional‐cueing procedure was therefore developed to investigate protoface orienting in early childhood. Consistent with the extant literature, 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children (n = 25) exhibited orienting toward face‐like stimuli; they responded faster when target location was cued by the appearance of a protoface stimulus than when location was cued by matched control patterns. The potential of this procedure to investigate the development of typical and atypical social perception is discussed.  相似文献   

A Visionary in British Counselling     

Francesca Inskipp  Hazel Johns 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2003,25(2-3):115-118

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Climatically Induced Degradation Processes in Conserved Archaeological Wood Studied by Time-lapse Photography     

Martin Nordvig Mortensen  Gilles Chaumat  Francesca Gambineri  Hartmut Kutzke  Jeannette Jacqueline Łucejko  Caitlin M. A. McQueen 《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):115-123

ABSTRACT

Samples of conserved archaeological wood of different ages, origins, and conservation histories were aged in a climate chamber for seven months, while the humidity alternated between 30% RH for 12 hours and 80% RH for 12 hours at a constant temperature of 30°C. Photographs were taken once every hour, which enabled the creation of a time-lapse movie. Some samples degraded visibly, whereas others were unaffected. Most of the samples were robust and would be able to survive well even in a very poor museum climate. Among the sensitive samples, three types of degradation were identified, namely disintegration, pyrite oxidation, and efflorescence of white crystals. Disintegration was ascribed to dimensional changes caused by the RH alternations in very fragile wood. The white efflorescence was interpreted as the recrystallization of an alum-associated substance, possibly mercallite (KHSO₄). The pyrite oxidation was observed as the efflorescence of a thick yellow, grey, and green powder. Characterization of selected samples was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ionic conductivity – liquid chromatography, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with in situ silylation using hexamethyldisilazane.  相似文献   

Helping Improve Dissemination of Research: Toastmasters Is a Novel Mechanism     

Francesca Allegri 《Medical reference services quarterly》2013,32(2):218-226

Competencies for health professionals and students often include the ability to transfer knowledge to different audiences in a variety of ways. Consultation, presentation, teaching, multimedia, and posters are some examples. A recent question on a national listserv about writing, editing, and proofreading services in health sciences libraries prompted this column about a potentially novel way of helping students and faculty in health disciplines to improve their abilities to communicate professionally. In addition to the poster design and review services that one library offers, it is also the host of two Toastmasters International clubs that provide participants a nonthreatening, real-world environment to improve the content, structure, methods, and delivery of their written and spoken messages. A librarian on staff is a member of and serves as liaison to the two clubs.  相似文献   

Semantic Historical Gazetteers and Related NLP and Corpus Linguistics Applications     

Carmen Brando  Francesca Frontini 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2017,13(1):1-6

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A ‘power law’ based method to reduce size-related bias in indicators of knowledge performance: An application to university research assessment     

Armando Calabrese  Guendalina Capece  Roberta Costa  Francesca Di Pillo  Stefania Giuffrida 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(4):1263-1281

The knowledge production provided by universities is essential to sustaining a country’s long-term economic growth and international competitiveness. Many nations are thus driving to create sustainable and effective funding environments. The evaluation of university knowledge, productivity and research quality becomes critical, with ever increasing share of public funding allocated on the basis of research assessment exercises. Nevertheless, the existing methods to assess the universities’ knowledge production are often affected by limits and biases, extensively discussed in the scientific literature.In this paper we study how to reduce the effect of size-related bias due to university size on the indicators of knowledge performance used in evaluation exercises. We propose an innovative utilization of the scale-free property of the power laws as a scaling relationship, to normalize research productivity indicators, and provide results independent by the university size. Our method has evident policy implications and gives a contribution for the future design of assessment exercises.We apply our findings in a recent Italian research assessment exercise.  相似文献   

Literacy interest,home literacy environment and emergent literacy skills in preschoolers     

Julia M. Carroll  Andrew J. Holliman  Francesca Weir  Alison E. Baroody 《Journal of Research in Reading》2019,42(1):150-161

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Reading aloud: Dissociating the semantic pathway from the non-semantic pathway of the lexical route     

Peressotti  Francesca  Job  Remo 《Reading and writing》2003,16(3):179-194

According to dual-route models of reading,consistency effects in pseudoword reading areevidence for the activation of lexicalinformation. We investigated whether thislexical interference has a semantic or anon-semantic origin. In Experiment 1,participants named aloud a set of words andpseudowords. The consistency effect in readingpseudowords co-occurred with associativepriming effects in reading words but not withsemantic priming effects. In Experiment 2, onlywords were presented. Comparable effects ofboth associative priming and semantic primingin naming words were found. This patternprovides evidence for the existence of alexical non-semantic pathway in reading aloud.It also shows that this pathway is sensitive toassociative relations among words. Finally, itcalls into question the likelihood of afeedback mechanism from the semantic system tothe orthographic input lexicon.  相似文献   

Effects of reward pedagogy on spelling scores and prosocial behaviors in primary school students in Singapore     

Francesca Wah 《教育心理学》2020,40(3):349-366

Abstract

Effects of reward pedagogy (competitive, cooperative, individualistic, cooperative-competitive, and cooperative-individualistic) on spelling scores and prosocial behavior in Singapore students were examined alongside its interplay with ability level. A total of 1005 Primary 3 and 4 students were randomly assigned to one of the five reward pedagogies, with students rewarded based on their spelling scores. An ABABA design (A?=?implementation; B?=?withdrawal) was used for each reward pedagogy. Results revealed an interaction between reward pedagogy and ability level on both spelling scores and prosocial behavior, such that different pedagogies were more effective for different ability levels. One promising way forward, however, draws from the finding that cooperative-competitive reward pedagogy was effective for both outcomes across all ability groups.  相似文献