Does maximalist footwear lower impact loading during level ground and downhill running?     

Zoe Y. S. Chan  Ivan P. H. Au  Fannie O. Y. Lau  Eric C. K. Ching  Janet H. Zhang  Roy T. H. Cheung 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(8):1083-1089

A new model of running shoes which features an extreme cushioning and an oversized midsole, known as the maximalist (MAX) was launched. This design claims to provide excellent shock absorption, particularly during downhill running. This study sought to assess the effects of MAX on the external impact loading, footstrike pattern, and stride length during level ground and downhill running on an instrumented treadmill. Twenty-seven distance runners completed four 5-minute running trials in the two footwear conditions (MAX and traditional running shoes (TRS)) on a level surface (0%) and downhill (10%-declination). Average and instantaneous loading rates (ILRs), footstrike pattern and stride length were measured during the last minute of each running trial. A 12% greater ILR was observed in downhill running with MAX (p?=?.045; Cohen’s d?=?0.44) as compared to TRS. No significant difference was found in the loading rates (p?>?.589) and stride length (p?=?.924) when running on a level surface. Majority of runners maintained the same footstrike pattern in both footwear conditions. Findings of this study suggested that MAX might not reduce the external impact loading in runners during level and downhill treadmill running. Instead, this type of footwear may conceivably increase the external impact loading during downhill treadmill running.  相似文献   

A Compressive Privacy approach to Generalized Information Bottleneck and Privacy Funnel problems     

S.Y. Kung 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(4):1846-1872

This paper explores a Compressive Privacy (CP) methodology for optimal tradeoff between utility gain and privacy loss. CP represents a dimension-reduced subspace design of optimally desensitized query that may be safely shared with the public. Built upon the information and estimation theory, this paper proposes a “differential mutual information” (DMI) criterion to safeguard the privacy protection (PP). Algorithmically, DMI-optimal solutions can be derived via the Discriminant Component Analysis (DCA). Moreover, DCA has two machine learning variants (one in the original space and another is the kernel space) good for supervised learning applications. By extending the notion of DMI to the utility gain and privacy loss, CP unifies the conventional Information Bottleneck (IB) and Privacy Funnel (PF) and lead to two constrained optimizers, named Generalized Information Bottleneck (GIB) and Generalized Privacy Funnel (GPF). In the supervised learning environments, DCA can be further extended to a DUCA machine learning variant to reach an optimal tradeoff between utility gain and privacy loss. Finally, for fast convergence, a golden-section iterative method is developed particularly for solving the two constrained optimization problems: GIB and GPF.  相似文献   

RHONN identifier-control scheme for nonlinear discrete-time systems with unknown time-delays     

Jorge D. Rios  Alma Y. Alanis  Carlos Lopez-Franco  Nancy Arana-Daniel 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(1):218-249

This work presents a neural identifier-control scheme for uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems with unknown time-delays. This scheme is based on a neural identifier to get a model of the system and a discrete-time block control technique based on sliding modes to generate the control law. The neural identifier is based on a Recurrent High Order Neural Network (RHONN) trained with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based algorithm. Applicability is shown using real-time test results for linear induction motors. Also, a Lyapunov analysis is added in order to prove the semi-globally uniformly ultimately boundedness (SGUUB) of the proposed neural identifier-control scheme.  相似文献   

The distinct signaling effects of R&D subsidy and non-R&D subsidy on IPO performance of IT entrepreneurial firms in China     

Jin Chen  Cheng Suang Heng  Bernard C.Y. Tan  Zhijie Lin 《Research Policy》2018,47(1):108-120

This study investigates how R&D subsidy and non-R&D subsidy affect entrepreneurial firms’ initial public offering (IPO) performance in an emerging economy like China. Analyzing data from 269 IT (information technology) entrepreneurial firms in China, we found that R&D subsidy has an inverted U-shape effect on IPO performance, while non-R&D subsidy has a positive effect on IPO performance. Furthermore, both state ownership and patent intensity moderate the inverted U-shape relationship between R&D subsidy and IPO performance. In contrast, neither of them moderates the positive relationship between non-R&D subsidy and IPO performance. These findings contribute to the literature on the effectiveness of government subsidy by highlighting the symbolic effect of government subsidy on external financing in emerging economies, and offer important practical implications to entrepreneurial firms and government funding agencies in China.  相似文献   

In the eyes of the beholder: The effect of participant diversity on perceived merits of collaborative innovations     

Jade Y. Lo  Haiyang Li 《Research Policy》2018,47(7):1229-1242

Technological innovations often involve collaboration among firms from diverse industries. Existing literature has largely viewed participant diversity as a conduit for non-redundant information or complementary resources, thereby affecting the ex-post outcomes of innovation projects. However, it is seldom examined how projects are initially evaluated during the resource competition stage. In this study, we develop a theory of diversity as a cognitive primer, asking how collaborators from diverse backgrounds may affect external reviewers’ ex-ante evaluation of potential merits of an innovation project. We argue that there are two logics at work in the process of evaluating innovations: the logic of technological advancement and the logic of market value. When an innovation project involves firms from diverse industries, it may be perceived as having a fuzzier market identity, hence making it less appealing to reviewers who hold with the strong market value logic. However, the penalty associated with participant diversity should be less pronounced among reviewers who hold the technological advancement logic. We also expect the relationship between participant diversity and reviewers’ ratings to be moderated by project novelty and fuzziness of technology category. We find support for our hypotheses with a sample of collaborative innovation projects funded by the Advanced Technology Program of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.  相似文献   

Learning a part together: ensemble learning and infrastructure in a competitive high school marching band     

Jasmine Y. Ma  Rogers Hall 《Instructional Science》2018,46(4):507-532

  相似文献   

The Romany States of Education in Turkey: A Qualitative Study     

Gökhan Kılıçoğlu  Derya Yılmaz Kılıçoğlu 《The Urban Review》2018,50(3):402-429

This multiple case study aims to analyze education and living conditions of Romany students, their families, and their relation with the school. The study consists of three schools in ?zmir, where mostly Romany students are educated. Study group consists of fifteen participants in total, three school staff, one student from the secondary level and one parent from each school chosen by criterion sampling. Semi-structured interviews, observation notes, and documents are utilized in the study. Lives of the Romany which have turned into cultural destiny, how students reproduce the lives of their families and the role of school in this reproduction are revealed.  相似文献   

Are shoulder counter rotation and hip shoulder separation angle representative metrics of three-dimensional spinal kinematics in cricket fast bowling?     

Billy Senington  Raymond Y. Lee  Jonathan Mark Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(15):1763-1767

  相似文献   

Faster V̇O2 kinetics after priming exercises of different duration but same fatigue     

Felipe Mattioni Maturana  Arthur Peyrard  John Temesi  Guillaume Y. Millet 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(10):1095-1102

This study compared the responses of two priming exercises of similar fatigue on the adjustment of the oxygen uptake time constant (τV?O₂) in cycling. Ten healthy young adults (25 ± 3 yr) performed: three step transitions from a 20-W baseline to the power output (PO) below the gas exchange threshold (MOD, MOD_PRE); a 3-min bout (P_3MIN) at 90% of peak PO (PO_peak), followed by MOD (MOD_3MIN); and a 6-min bout (P_6MIN) at 80% of PO_peak, followed by MOD (MOD_6MIN). The O₂ supply-to-O₂ demand ([HHb]/V?O₂) ratio was calculated for MOD_PRE, MOD_3MIN, and MOD_6MIN. Neuromuscular fatigue was measured isometrically pre- and post-priming exercise. Reductions in maximal voluntary contraction (?29 ± 6 vs ?34 ± 7%) and high-frequency doublet amplitude (?48 ± 13 vs ?43 ± 11%) were not significantly different between P_3MIN vs P_6MIN, suggesting similar fatigue. τV?O₂ for MOD_3MIN and MOD_6MIN were similar, being ~25% smaller than MOD_PRE. The [HHb]/V?O₂ ratio was significantly greater in MOD_PRE (1.13 ± 0.12) compared to MOD_3MIN (1.02 ± 0.04) and MOD_6MIN (1.02 ± 0.04). This study showed that priming exercise of shorter duration and higher intensity, was sufficient to accelerate V?O₂ kinetics similarly to that observed subsequent to P_6MIN when the muscle fatigue was similar.  相似文献   

Comparative Study of Two ELISA Kits for Estimation of Antibodies to Hepatitis B Virus in Human Normal Immunoglobulin and Specific Immunoglobulin Intended for Intravenous or Intramuscular Use     

J. P. Prasad  Y. Madhu  Arushi Mandhan  Payal Garg  Anu Prakash  Varsha Singh  Daud Ali  Prdeep Kumar  Surinder Singh  G. R. Soni  Varun Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):243-245

Current study is conducted to evaluate method verification of two locally available kits manufactured by DSI & BIORAD for quantitative estimation of Hepatitis B virus antibodies in human normal immunoglobulin by using International standard of National Institute of Biological Standards and Control. Four analyst perform five sets of test in duplicate analysing accuracy, precision, and limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity. Our results suggest that both DSI and BIORAD kits fulfil the validation criteria and are sensitive to detect up to 10 mIU concentration precisely and accurately. DSI kit is more precise at concentration 100 mIU and economically 4–5 times cheaper in local market; on the other hand, BIORAD kits provide larger detection range up to 1000 mIU.  相似文献