Effect of foster care on young children's language learning     

Windsor J  Benigno JP  Wing CA  Carroll PJ  Koga SF  Nelson CA  Fox NA  Zeanah CH 《Child development》2011,82(4):1040-1046

This report examines 174 young children's language outcomes in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, the first randomized trial of foster placement after institutional care. Age of foster placement was highly correlated with language outcomes. Placement by 15 months led to similar expressive and receptive language test scores as typical age peers at 30 and 42 months. Placement from 15 to 24 months also led to dramatic language improvement. In contrast, children placed after 24 months had the same severe language delays as children in institutional care. Language samples at 42 months confirmed that placement after 24 months led to lower expressive skill.  相似文献   

Perception and action in golf putting: skill differences reflect calibration     

van Lier WH  van der Kamp J  Savelsbergh G JP 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2011,33(3):349-369

We assessed how golfers cope with the commonly observed systematic overshoot errors in the perception of the direction between the ball and the hole. Experiments 1 and 2, in which participants were required to rotate a pointer such that it pointed to the center of the hole, showed that errors in perceived direction (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) are destroyed when the head is constrained to move within a plane perpendicular to the green. Experiment 3 compared the errors in perceived direction and putting errors of novice and skilled players. Unlike the perceived direction, putting accuracy (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) was not affected by head position. Novices did show a rightward putting error, while skilled players did not. We argue that the skill-related differences in putting accuracy reflect a process of recalibration. Implications for aiming in golf are discussed.  相似文献   

汉语叙词表的发展现状与未来-全国汉语叙词表发展方向研讨会论文综述     

戴维民 《大学图书馆学报》1989,(4):11-15

<正> 由《中图法》编委会、中国科技情报编译委员会、中国科技情报学会情报检索分委员会、《军用主题词表》编委会联合主持的“全国汉语叙词表发展方向研讨会”于1988年12月1-4日在北京军事科学院召开。这次研讨会总结了我国汉语叙词表目前的发展现状,研讨了汉语叙词表发展中的主要理论和技术问题,探索了汉语叙词表的未来发展方向。这是我国自发展叙词语言以来第一次深入全面地探讨汉语叙词表的会议,是一次继往开来的会议,将对汉语叙词表的编制与使用起到积极的影响。现根据会议论文材料以及会议交流的内容综述如下。  相似文献   

文献标引技术是检索刊物编制和数据库建设的关键技术     

戴维民 《文献工作研究》1993,(6):6-8

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自然语言标引与检索的现状及趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴维民 《情报业务研究》1991,8(4):252-254

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The relationship of socio-economic status and aggression to the competitive behavior of preschool children     

McKEE JP  LEADER FB 《Child development》1955,26(2):135-142

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A tapered channel microfluidic device for comprehensive cell adhesion analysis, using measurements of detachment kinetics and shear stress-dependent motion     

Rupprecht P  Golé L  Rieu JP  Vézy C  Ferrigno R  Mertani HC  Rivière C 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(1):14107-1410712

We have developed a method for studying cellular adhesion by using a custom-designed microfluidic device with parallel non-connected tapered channels. The design enables investigation of cellular responses to a large range of shear stress (ratio of 25) with a single input flow-rate. For each shear stress, a large number of cells are analyzed (500–1500 cells), providing statistically relevant data within a single experiment. Besides adhesion strength measurements, the microsystem presented in this paper enables in-depth analysis of cell detachment kinetics by real-time videomicroscopy. It offers the possibility to analyze adhesion-associated processes, such as migration or cell shape change, within the same experiment. To show the versatility of our device, we examined quantitatively cell adhesion by analyzing kinetics, adhesive strength and migration behaviour or cell shape modifications of the unicellular model cell organism Dictyostelium discoideum at 21 °C and of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 at 37 °C. For both cell types, we found that the threshold stresses, which are necessary to detach the cells, follow lognormal distributions, and that the detachment process follows first order kinetics. In addition, for particular conditions’ cells are found to exhibit similar adhesion threshold stresses, but very different detachment kinetics, revealing the importance of dynamics analysis to fully describe cell adhesion. With its rapid implementation and potential for parallel sample processing, such microsystem offers a highly controllable platform for exploring cell adhesion characteristics in a large set of environmental conditions and cell types, and could have wide applications across cell biology, tissue engineering, and cell screening.  相似文献   

Transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx increases aluminum resistance in roots during germination     

Li QY  Niu HB  Yin J  Shao HB  Niu JS  Ren JP  Li YC  Wang X 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(11):862-870

A transgenic barley line (LSY-11-1-1) with overexpressed Phalaris coerulescens thioredoxin gene (PTrx) was employed to measure the growth, protein oxidation, cell viability, and antioxidase activity in barley roots during germination on the presence of 2 mmol/L AlCl₃ on filter paper. The results show that (1) compared with the non-transgenic barley, LSY-11-1-1 had enhanced root growth, although both were seriously inhibited after AlCl₃ treatment; (2) the degree of protein oxidation and loss of cell viability in roots of LSY-11-1-1 were much less than those in roots of non-transgenic barley, as reflected by lower contents of protein carbonyl and Evans blue uptakes in LSY-11-1-1; (3) activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in LSY-11-1-1 root tips were generally higher than those in non-transgenic barley root tips, although these antioxidase activities gave a rise to different degrees in both LSY-11-1-1 and non-transgenic barley under aluminum stress. These results indicate that overexpressing PTrx could efficiently protect barley roots from oxidative injury by increasing antioxidase activity, thereby quenching ROS caused by AlCl₃ during germination. These properties raise the possibility that transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx may be used to reduce the aluminum toxicity in acid soils.  相似文献   

Aluminium tolerance in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）： physiological mechanisms, genetics and screening methods     

Wang JP  Raman H  Zhang GP  Mendham N  Zhou MX 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(10):769-787

Aluminium （Al） toxicity is one of the major limiting factors for barley production on acid soils. It inhibits root cell division and elongation, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake, consequently resulting in poor plant growth and yield. Plants tolerate Al either through external resistance mechanisms, by which Al is excluded from plant tissues or internal tolerance mechanisms, conferring the ability of plants to tolerate Al ion in the plant symplasm where Al that has permeated the plas- malemma is sequestered or converted into an innocuous form. Barley is considered to be most sensitive to Al toxicity among cereal species. Al tolerance in barley has been assessed by several methods, such as nutrient solution culture, soil bioassay and field screening. Genetic and molecular mapping research has shown that Al tolerance in barley is controlled by a single locus which is located on chromosome 4H. Molecular markers linked with Al tolerance loci have been identified and validated in a range of diverse populations. This paper reviews the （1） screening methods for evaluating Al tolerance, （2） genetics and （3） mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in barley.  相似文献   

Interaction between the teacher and the congenitally deafblind child     

Vervloed MP  van Dijk RJ  Knoors H  van Dijk JP 《American annals of the deaf》2006,151(3):336-344

Empirical data on the development of interaction, communication, and language in deafblind children is very rare. To fill this gap, a case study was conducted in which the interaction between a teacher and a deafblind boy age 3 years 4 months was analyzed. Sequential analysis of their interaction confirmed some general clinical impressions about interaction with deafblind children, and provided the basis for suggestions on how the interaction pattern might be changed.  相似文献