Interest Groups in American Education     

Roy Adam 《比较教育学》1975,11(2):165-172

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Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: an account based on the expert performance framework     

K. Anders Ericsson  Roy W. Roring  Kiruthiga Nandagopal 《High Ability Studies》2007,18(1):3-56

Giftedness researchers have long debated whether there is empirical evidence to support a distinction between giftedness and attained level of achievement. In this paper we propose a general theoretical framework that establishes scientific criteria for acceptable evidence of superior reproducible performance, which any theory of exceptional performance must explain. We review evidence for superior reproducible performance, generally emerging only after extended periods of deliberate practice that result in subsequent physiological adaptations and complex cognitive mechanisms. We also apply this framework to examine proposed evidence for innate talents. With the exception of fixed genetic factors determining body size and height, we were unable to find evidence for innate constraints to the attainment of elite achievement for healthy individuals.  相似文献   

Reviews     

Alan Chalmers  Lloyd Ackert  Pnina Abir-Am  Maria Trochatos  Carolyn R. Miller  Nicolas Rasmussen  Roy Macleod  Ingo Brigandt  Lorna Barrow  Ian Maclean  Elof Axel Carlson  Susan E. Cozzens  Cindy Klestinec  Patricia O'Grady  Alison Bashford  Jim Endersby  Jonathan Simon  David Mercer  David Oldroyd  Suzanne Verderber  Peter Slezak  Rachel Cooper  Patricia Fara  Ravi Arvind Palat  Peder Anker  Bernhard Fritscher  David Branagan 《Metascience》2002,11(3):329-429

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Modeling Student Cognition in Digital and Nondigital Assessment Environments     

Kristen E. DiCerbo  Yuning Xu  Roy Levy  Emily Lai  Laura Holland 《Educational Assessment》2017,22(4):275-297

Inferences about student knowledge, skills, and attributes based on digital activity still largely come from whether students ultimately get a correct result or not. However, the ability to collect activity stream data as individuals interact with digital environments provides information about students’ processes as they progress through learning activities. These data have the potential to yield information about student cognition if methods can be developed to identify and aggregate evidence from diverse data sources. This work demonstrates how data from multiple carefully designed activities aligned to a learning progression can be used to support inferences about students’ levels of understanding of the geometric measurement of area. The article demonstrates evidence identification and aggregation of activity stream data from two different digital activities, responses to traditional assessment items, and ratings based on observation of in-person non-digital activity aligned to a common learning progression using a Bayesian Network approach.  相似文献   

Positively Different: Art and Design in Special Education     

Alison Hermon  Roy Prentice 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2003,22(3):268-280

This article explores issues of ‘difference’ in terms of identity for disabled pupils, including those with special educational needs in the context of art and design education. By focusing on body image and fashion, positive and negative views of those with a different identity, in relation to inclusion and visibility, in society and formal schooling are addressed. Inclusive values for those in a special school are identified and promoted with reference to a particular project in art and design.  相似文献   

Retractions, press releases and newspaper coverage     

Rada RF 《Health information and libraries journal》2007,24(3):210-215

OBJECTIVES: To explore how often newspapers cover the retraction of a medical journal article and whether newspaper coverage corresponds with the appearance of a press release about the retraction. METHODS: Fifty citations were identified in PubMed that had been indexed with the Medical Subject Heading 'Retracted Publication'. Next, the archives of LexisNexis's 'Major Newspapers' and EurekAlert's press releases were searched to find references to those retracted publications. RESULTS: Newspaper articles addressed exactly three of the 50 retracted publications, and press releases, exactly four of the 50 retracted publications. All three retracted publications that received newspaper coverage also had a press release. In other words, newspapers only covered a retraction that had been introduced by a press release. CONCLUSION: One would expect that newspaper coverage would increase after a press release, but the suggested relationships among a medical journal article retraction, a press release and newspaper coverage should be further investigated. If the linkage suggested by the data of this study holds, and if newspaper coverage stimulates library patron interest, then a medical library might prepare itself for information requests following a press release.  相似文献   

Sensitivity and specificity of isolated antigen fromPlasmodium falciparum culture supernatant     

M. M. Mya  R. K. Saxena  Arati Roy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(1):75-82

Immunological sensitivity and specificity properties of isolated Plasmodium falciparum (GPL) antigen from culture supernatant have been measured and compared with malarial antigens and non malarial filtered paper blood sera for potency and efficacy. Latex bead coded GPL, Pf and RESA antigens immunoreaction properties of human filter paper blood samples (FPB) were studied by laser light scattering immunoassay (LIA) and Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Results of GP. antigen sensitivity study by LIA method showed a very high malaria antibody binding response (MABR) i.e. 6% compared with 78% with RESA and 88% Pf antigens. Malaria detection by ELISA method also found similar results. Specificity study of GPL antigen for different non malarial filter paper blood sera (NMFS) showed no immunoreaction however Pf and RESA antigen showed few positive immunological responses. These results suggest that sensitivity and specificity properties of isolated GPL antigen is better than other antigens.  相似文献   

Quick chip assay using locked nucleic acid modified epithelial cell adhesion molecule and nucleolin aptamers for the capture of circulating tumor cells     

Nihal G. Maremanda  Kislay Roy  Rupinder K. Kanwar  Vidyarani Shyamsundar  Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar  Arvind Krishnamurthy  Subramanian Krishnakumar  Jagat R. Kanwar 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(5)

The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy, and clinical decision making is immense and has attracted tremendous focus in the last decade. We designed and fabricated simple, flat channel microfluidic devices polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS based) functionalized with locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified aptamers (targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and nucleolin expression) for quick and efficient capture of CTCs and cancer cells. With optimized flow rates (10 μl/min), it was revealed that the aptamer modified devices offered reusability for up to six times while retaining optimal capture efficiency (>90%) and specificity. High capture sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) was observed in whole blood samples spiked with Caco-2 cells (10–100 cells/ml). Analysis of blood samples obtained from 25 head and neck cancer patients on the EpCAM LNA aptamer functionalized chip revealed that an average count of 5 ± 3 CTCs/ml of blood were captured from 22/25 samples (88%). EpCAM intracellular domain (EpICD) immunohistochemistry on 9 oral squamous cell carcinomas showed the EpICD positivity in the tumor cells, confirming the EpCAM expression in CTCs from head and neck cancers. These microfluidic devices also maintained viability for in vitro culture and characterization. Use of LNA modified aptamers provided added benefits in terms of cost effectiveness due to increased reusability and sustainability of the devices. Our results present a robust, quick, and efficient CTC capture platform with the use of simple PDMS based devices that are easy to fabricate at low cost and have an immense potential in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic planning.  相似文献   

‘Not Merely an Isolated Game’: Women’s Association Football in Australia     

Greg Downes  Ian Syson  Roy Hay 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(18):2150-2170

ABSTRACT

Australia has participated in the world-wide growth of women’s football particularly since the 1970s, but long before that the game was played recreationally and competitively by women in Australia. Women have struggled to overcome active opposition to their taking part in the sport and neglect of their achievements which are considerable. This article provides an outline of the history of the game both nationally and in its international context. It also tries to capture the experience of some of the pioneers of the women’s game and its modern practitioners, revealing some of the ways in which overt and covert discrimination still hinders recognition of their achievements.  相似文献   

The influence of narrative and expository lesson text structures on knowledge structures: alternate measures of knowledge structure     

Roy?B.?ClarianaEmail author  Michael?B.?Wolfe  Kyung?Kim 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2014,62(5):601-616

This investigation applies two approaches for representing and comparing text structures as undirected network graphs to describe the influence of narrative and expository lesson texts on readers’ knowledge structure elicited as free recall. Narrative and expository lesson texts and undergraduate participants’ free recall essays (n = 90) from a study by Wolfe and Mienko (Br J Educ Psychol 77, 541–564, 2007) were reanalyzed for lexical proximity as sequential occurrence of selected important terms in the text and as actual minimum distances between these terms. The proximity data were then rendered as Pathfinder networks for analysis. Compared to human-rater benchmark measures, the convergent validity of the sequential approach (range of r = .53 to .83, median r = .70) was a little better than that of the minimum distance approach (.51 to .80, median r = .67). Further, we anticipated that the lesson text structure would be reflected in the text structure of the free recall essays, but this was not observed. On average, the essays in all three lesson conditions tended to converge on a sequential expository structure. Further, compared to the expository lesson texts, the narrative lesson text had a distinctly different influence on posttest recall essay text structures. Overall then, the sequential occurrence approach appears to provide a reasonably good, automatically derived method for representing and comparing lesson texts and participants’ essays as network graphs. If further confirmed and fully automated, there is a wide range of application of such measurement approaches for learning and research.  相似文献