Fatigue detection in strength training using three-dimensional accelerometry and principal component analysis     

Niklas Brown  Sebastian Bichler  Meike Fiedler  Wilfried Alt 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(2):139-150

Detection of neuro-muscular fatigue in strength training is difficult, due to missing criterion measures and the complexity of fatigue. Thus, a variety of methods are used to determine fatigue. The aim of this study was to use a principal component analysis (PCA) on a multifactorial data-set based on kinematic measurements to determine fatigue. Twenty participants (strength training experienced, 60% male) executed 3 sets of 3 exercises with 50 (12 repetitions), 75 (12 repetitions) and 100%-12 RM (RM). Data were collected with a 3D accelerometer and analysed by a newly developed algorithm to evaluate parameters for each repetition. A PCA with six variables was carried out on the results. A fatigue factor was computed based on the loadings on the first component. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was calculated to test for differences between the intensity levels. All six input variables had high loadings on the first component. The ANOVA showed a significant difference between intensities (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a difference between 100% and the lower intensities (p < 0.05) and no difference between 50 and 75%-12RM. Based on these results, it is possible to distinguish between fatigued and non-fatigued sets of strength training.  相似文献   

Effects of a minimalist shoe on running economy and 5-km running performance     

Joel T Fuller  Dominic Thewlis  Margarita D Tsiros  Nicholas A.T Brown  Jonathan D Buckley 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1740-1745

The purpose of this study was to determine if minimalist shoes improve time trial performance of trained distance runners and if changes in running economy, shoe mass, stride length, stride rate and footfall pattern were related to any difference in performance. Twenty-six trained runners performed three 6-min sub-maximal treadmill runs at 11, 13 and 15 km·h^?1 in minimalist and conventional shoes while running economy, stride length, stride rate and footfall pattern were assessed. They then performed a 5-km time trial. In the minimalist shoe, runners completed the trial in less time (effect size 0.20 ± 0.12), were more economical during sub-maximal running (effect size 0.33 ± 0.14) and decreased stride length (effect size 0.22 ± 0.10) and increased stride rate (effect size 0.22 ± 0.11). All but one runner ran with a rearfoot footfall in the minimalist shoe. Improvements in time trial performance were associated with improvements in running economy at 15 km·h^?1 (r = 0.58), with 79% of the improved economy accounted for by reduced shoe mass (P < 0.05). The results suggest that running in minimalist shoes improves running economy and 5-km running performance.  相似文献   

Nurturing Careers in Psychology: Combining Work and Family   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Diane F. Halpern 《Educational Psychology Review》2008,20(1):57-64

The academic workplace, with its requirements for achieving tenure within the first 6 years of employment, is designed in ways that discriminate against young faculty with family care responsibilities, most notably mothers. Mason and Goulden (Academe, http://www.aaup.org/publications/Academe/2002/02nd/02ndmas.htm, 2002, Academe, http://www.aaup.org/publications/Academe/2004/04nd/04ndmaso.htm, 2004) found that women faculty who have babies within the first 5 years following the receipt of their doctorate are less likely to earn tenure than women without babies or men in general. Women at research-intensive universities are twice as likely as their male colleagues to report that they had fewer children than they wanted. In addition, only one-third of women who begin their academic career at research-intensive institutions without children will become a mother. These inequities, sometimes called the “baby gap” or “motherhood penalty” make academic institutions difficult places for new faculty with family care responsibilities. Suggestions are provided to assist new faculty in successfully combining their work and family roles (e.g., establish gender equity in parenting and negotiate for family-friendly policies) and to senior faculty and administrators who want to nurture the careers of their younger colleagues (e.g., support the use of family-friendly policies on campus).  相似文献   

Understanding Imaginative Thinking During Childhood: Sociocultural Conceptions of Creativity and Imaginative Thought   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Angela Eckhoff  Jennifer Urbach 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,36(2):179-185

Understanding imagination as both a cognitive and affective endeavor is crucial in order for educators to promote creative and imaginative thinking in informal and formal learning environments. It is the primary aim of this paper to develop the theoretical discussion of Vygotsky’s writings on young children’s imaginative abilities launched by Gajdamaschko (Teach Educ 16(1):13–22, 2005) and Lindqvist (Res J 15(2&3):245–251, 2003). This paper illustrates Vygotsky’s writings on the cognitive processes involved in children’s imagination and creativity and concludes with a discussion focused on the components of an educational environment that can either support or stifle children’s imaginative abilities. It is through this continuing discussion that, as researchers, we hope to extend and challenge current conceptions of the role of imaginative thinking in early education.  相似文献   

A Father’s Interactions with His Toddler: Personal and Professional Lessons for Early Childhood Educators   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dolores J. Appl  Shannon Brown  Michael Stone 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,36(2):127-134

In this article a university professor, former student, and father describe the father’s interactions with his toddler-age son within a parent–child playgroup. The authors discuss the important role of fathers, what they learned from observing the father interact with his son, and implications for teachers and other professionals.  相似文献   

Theorising teacher education     

David Saltmarsh  Jennifer Sumsion  Anne McMaugh 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2008,36(2):73-77

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Gifted American and German adolescent women: a longitudinal examination of attachment,separation, gender roles,and career aspirations     

Jennifer Nepper Fiebig 《High Ability Studies》2008,19(1):67-81

This study assessed 43 gifted adolescent females in the United States and Germany over a 4‐year period. Initially the girls were assessed during their 7th or 8th grade and again for this current study during their 11th or 12th grade. Factors that were examined included the daughters' attachment to and psychological separation from their mothers, while the study also focused on their gender roles, instrumental (masculine) characteristics, and career aspirations. Results showed that within 4 years, these gifted girls had grown less attached, but at the same time had become psychologically closer to their mothers. Additionally, the German girls became more masculine in their characteristics while the Americans became more feminine. All of the girls developed more traditional gender roles and their desires of attaining leadership or expert roles within their future careers diminished.  相似文献   

Computational auditory scene analysis: listening to several things at once     

Martin Cooke B.Sc.  Ph.D.  Guy J. Brown B.Sc.  Ph.D.  Malcolm Crawford B.Sc.  Phil Green B.Sc.  Ph.D. 《Endeavour》1993,17(4)

The problem of distinguishing particular sounds, such as conversation, against a background of irrelevant noise is a matter of common experience. Psychologists have studied it for some 40 years, but is is only comparatively recently that computer modelling of the phenomenon has been attempted. This article reviews progress made, possible practical applications, and prospects for the future.  相似文献   

Computerization of the betting industry     

C. T. Brown  R. H. Davis 《International Journal of Information Management》1990,10(4)

Computers and information technology are now being used to a considerable extent in the betting and racing industry, both on-course and off-course. This ranges from issuing bets, calculating dividends and payroll accounting to a sophisticated satellite-linked communication service. This paper describes the use of computers and information technology in the betting industry and speculates about future developments  相似文献   

Measuring the economic impact of universities operating in unstable environments: The case of a private institution in Lebanon     

Diane I. Nauffal 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(3):343-358

This paper evaluates the economic impact of a university in a country characterised by the scarcity of significant data and quantitative information. It uses an input–output model that permits the use of gross domestic product (GDP) deflators to portray the economy of years following a year for which a complete data set input is possible. Using commonly available administrative data, the model not only allows for the calculation of monetary multipliers but also employment multipliers that play a major role in the educational sector. The study highlights the role of Higher Education in promoting economic development, even under difficult political, economic and security conditions, where lack of stability is the norm and aims to demonstrate that not only well‐known historically grounded universities have significant economic impact but also smaller emerging universities play an important role in the development of their national economies.  相似文献